Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Aug 19;101(33):e30140. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030140.
This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated factors in persons 15 years and older from 2005 to 2019 in Mongolia. National data were analyzed from 21,342 people (≥15 years) who participated in 4 cross-sectional STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance surveys in Mongolia (2005, 2009, 2013, or 2019) and had complete blood pressure measurements. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using sociodemographic factors within each study year. Logistic regression was employed to assess the associations between sociodemographic and health factors and status of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control by study year and pooled sample. Trend analyzes showed that the prevalence of hypertension decreased significantly from 28.4% in 2005 to 23.2% in 2019 (P < .001). The prevalence of awareness among hypertensives remained unchanged, the treatment among aware decreased, and the control rate increased. In adjusted logistic regression analysis with the pooled sample, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.32-1.68), older age (≥45 years) (AOR: 5.90, 95% CI: 4.90-7.10), obesity (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 3.77-4.88), more frequent alcohol use (≥1-2 days/week) (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.39-2.05) were positively, and higher educational level (≥12 years) (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.87) and urban residence (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97) were negatively associated with hypertension prevalence. The prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian adults has decreased in recent years. Levels of hypertension awareness were unchanged, treatment decreased, and control increased. Increased health promotion, detection, and treatment of hypertension in Mongolia are indicated.
本研究旨在分析 2005 年至 2019 年蒙古 15 岁及以上人群中高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率的趋势及其相关因素。利用蒙古国家 21342 名（≥15 岁）参与者参与的 4 次 STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance 调查（2005 年、2009 年、2013 年或 2019 年）的数据，对完整的血压测量值进行分析。在每年的研究中，利用社会人口统计学因素计算高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率。采用 logistic 回归分析，按研究年份和汇总样本评估社会人口统计学和健康因素与高血压、知晓率、治疗率和控制率之间的关系。趋势分析显示，高血压的患病率从 2005 年的 28.4%显著下降至 2019 年的 23.2%（P<.001）。高血压患者的知晓率保持不变，知晓者的治疗率下降，控制率上升。在汇总样本的调整后 logistic 回归分析中，男性（调整后的优势比 [AOR]：1.49，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.32-1.68）、年龄较大（≥45 岁）（AOR：5.90，95% CI：4.90-7.10）、肥胖（AOR：4.29，95% CI：3.77-4.88）、更频繁饮酒（≥1-2 天/周）（AOR：1.69，95% CI：1.39-2.05）与高血压患病率呈正相关，而较高的教育水平（≥12 年）（AOR：0.77，95% CI：0.68-0.87）和城市居住（AOR：0.84，95% CI：0.74-0.97）与高血压患病率呈负相关。近年来，蒙古成年人的高血压患病率有所下降。高血压的知晓率不变，治疗率下降，控制率上升。需要在蒙古加强高血压的健康促进、检测和治疗。
