School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh.
School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022 Oct 1;177:106279. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106279. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Understanding nano-particle inhalation in human lung airways helps targeted drug delivery for treating lung diseases. A wide range of numerical models have been developed to analyse nano-particle transport and deposition (TD) in different parts of airways. However, a precise understanding of nano-particle TD in large-scale airways is still unavailable in the literature. This study developed an efficient one-path numerical model for simulating nano-particle TD in large-scale lung airway models. This first-ever one-path numerical approach simulates airflow and nano-particle TD in generations 0-11 of the human lung, accounting for 93% of the whole airway length. The one-path model enables the simulation of particle TD in many generations of airways with an affordable time. The particle TD of 5 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm particles is simulated at inhalation flow rates for two different physical activities: resting and moderate activity. It is found that particle deposition efficiency of 5 nm particles is 28.94% higher than 20 nm particles because of the higher dispersion capacity. It is further proved that the diffusion mechanism dominates the particle TD in generations 0-11. The deposition efficiency decreases with the increase of generation number irrespective of the flow rate and particle size. The effects of the particle size and flow rate on the escaping rate of each generation are opposite to the corresponding effects on the deposition rate. The quantified deposition and escaping rates at generations 0-11 provide valuable guidelines for drug delivery in human lungs.
了解纳米颗粒在人体肺部气道中的吸入有助于针对肺部疾病的靶向药物输送。已经开发出广泛的数值模型来分析不同气道部位的纳米颗粒传输和沉积 (TD)。然而，文献中仍然缺乏对大规模气道中纳米颗粒 TD 的精确理解。本研究开发了一种有效的单路径数值模型，用于模拟大规模肺气道模型中的纳米颗粒 TD。这种首创的单路径数值方法模拟了人类肺部 0-11 代的气流和纳米颗粒 TD，占整个气道长度的 93%。单路径模型能够以可承受的时间模拟许多代气道中的颗粒 TD。以两种不同的体力活动（休息和适度活动）的吸入流速模拟 5nm、10nm 和 20nm 颗粒的颗粒 TD。结果发现，由于更高的分散能力，5nm 颗粒的沉积效率比 20nm 颗粒高 28.94%。进一步证明了扩散机制在 0-11 代中主导着颗粒 TD。沉积效率随着代数的增加而降低，与流速和颗粒大小无关。颗粒大小和流速对每一代逸出率的影响与对沉积率的相应影响相反。在 0-11 代中量化的沉积和逸出率为人体肺部的药物输送提供了有价值的指导。
