Aali Mahdi, Esmaeili Adel, Ebrahimi Hadi, Azami Artin, Kavoosi Amir, Davoodabadi Farahani Somayeh
Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, 1955847781, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, 38156879, Arak, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 26;10(17):e36930. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36930. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
Magnetic drug targeting is a relatively new method to treat vascular occlusion in different body parts. However, the effectiveness of this method can be affected due to the severity and location of the occlusion. This can lead to the injection of high dosages of drugs, which can cause serious side effects due to the deposition of drugs in unwanted parts. To mitigate these effects, this study investigates the potential of a guiding magnetic field in enhancing drug absorption for vascular occlusion treatment. The method relies on guiding magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drugs toward the occlusion site using two external magnetic fields. Blood flow was modeled as non-Newtonian, considering shear-rate-dependent viscosity and unsteady at the inlet. To test this idea, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) coupled with a discrete phase model (DPM) approach has been employed to simulate drug delivery in three-vessel structures with varying degrees of occlusion (45 %, 60 %, and 90 %). To avoid the escape of drug carriers, a secondary magnetic field was applied at the bifurcation point to direct the NPs to the site of blockage where the primary magnetic field acts. Then, the states with or without a guiding source at the bifurcation site are compared based on the capture efficiency of each structure. The simulation demonstrated a significant increase in NP capture at the target site, ranging from 2 % to 15 %, depending on the NP size. However, the severity of occlusion substantially impacted the secondary magnetic field's effectiveness. In the 90 % occlusion scenario, the method's efficiency decreased significantly from 26 % to 16 % for NP sizes exceeding 1.5μm. This study highlights the potential of guiding magnetic fields in improving drug delivery to target sites in vascular occlusion.
磁性药物靶向是一种治疗身体不同部位血管闭塞的相对较新的方法。然而，由于闭塞的严重程度和位置，这种方法的有效性可能会受到影响。这可能导致注射高剂量的药物，由于药物在不需要的部位沉积，可能会引起严重的副作用。为了减轻这些影响，本研究调查了引导磁场在增强药物吸收以治疗血管闭塞方面的潜力。该方法依靠使用两个外部磁场将负载药物的磁性纳米颗粒（NPs）引导至闭塞部位。将血流建模为非牛顿流体，考虑了剪切速率依赖性粘度以及入口处的非稳态。为了验证这一想法，采用了计算流体动力学（CFD）与离散相模型（DPM）相结合的方法，来模拟在具有不同闭塞程度（45%、60%和90%）的三血管结构中的药物输送。为了避免药物载体逃逸，在分叉点施加了一个二次磁场，以将纳米颗粒引导至主磁场作用的堵塞部位。然后，根据每个结构的捕获效率，比较在分叉部位有无引导源的状态。模拟结果表明，目标部位的纳米颗粒捕获率显著提高，根据纳米颗粒大小不同，提高幅度在2%至15%之间。然而，闭塞的严重程度对二次磁场的有效性有很大影响。在90%闭塞的情况下，对于尺寸超过1.5μm的纳米颗粒，该方法的效率从26%显著下降到16%。本研究突出了引导磁场在改善血管闭塞中药物向目标部位输送方面的潜力。
