Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Department of Naval and Industrial Engineering, University of A Coruña, Spain; Center for Innovation in Transport (CENIT), CIMNE-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Nov 1;321:115954. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115954. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Implementation of the Global Sulphur Cap (GSC), in January 2020, boosted scrubber installation in vessels to fulfill the new air emission limitations. This increase in scrubbers' use has intensified concern about its environmental performance. Even though achievement of GSC requirements through this mitigation system has been widely proven, the impact of wash water discharge on the marine environment remains under discussion. In this paper, an assessment environmental model is introduced to quantify in monetary terms the performance of feeder vessels that operate with several mitigation systems. This model attempts to improve traditional air emission evaluations by including the impact of scrubbers' discharges on the marine environmental. In this way, the analysis not only allows different mitigations systems to be ranked by considering their capacity to reduce air emissions, but also provides further information about the marine eutrophication and ecotoxicity impact from scrubbers' discharge. Through the model's application to a regular shipping line between the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula, it was found that, the scrubber, regardless of its operation mode (open- or closed loop), is the most efficient mitigation option after the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel shift. The impact of scrubbers' discharge was not as significant as expected on the feeder vessel's total pollution since this provides similar relative weight to the methane emissions from a dual-engine option by operating with LNG. The results also show the need to more closely research the marine eutrophication impact of closed-loop scrubbers. Finally, this paper warns about a significant dispersion on the monetary values of marine ecotoxicity and eutrophication, due to a high dependence of the results on the frameworks' localization. Consequently, further research is needed on the homogenization of pollution monetization in the marine environment.
2020 年 1 月全球硫上限（GSC）的实施推动了船舶中洗涤器的安装，以满足新的空气排放限制。洗涤器使用的增加加剧了人们对其环境性能的关注。尽管通过这种缓解系统实现 GSC 要求已被广泛证明，但洗涤器排放物对海洋环境的影响仍在讨论中。在本文中，引入了一种环境评估模型，以货币形式量化使用多种缓解系统的喂料船的性能。该模型试图通过包括洗涤器排放物对海洋环境的影响来改进传统的空气排放评估。这样，分析不仅可以通过考虑其减少空气排放的能力对不同的缓解系统进行排名，还可以提供有关洗涤器排放物对海洋富营养化和生态毒性影响的进一步信息。通过该模型在加那利群岛和伊比利亚半岛之间的常规航运线上的应用，发现无论洗涤器的运行模式（开环或闭环）如何，在液化天然气（LNG）燃料转换之后，洗涤器都是最有效的缓解选择。洗涤器排放物对喂料船总污染的影响并不像预期的那样显著，因为这与使用 LNG 运行的双引擎选项的甲烷排放具有相似的相对权重。结果还表明需要更密切地研究闭环洗涤器对海洋富营养化的影响。最后，本文警告说，由于结果高度依赖于框架的本地化，因此海洋生态毒性和富营养化的货币价值存在显著差异。因此，需要进一步研究海洋环境中污染货币化的同质化问题。
