Wang Huanbo, Xu Buyi, Yang Li, Huo Tingting, Bai Dengwen, An Qi, Li Xiran
School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
National Anti-Drug Laboratory Sichuan Regional Center, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Police College, Luzhou, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 10;851(Pt 1):158105. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158105. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was applied to estimate illicit drugs consumption at a provincial scale in southwest China. A large-scale wastewater sampling campaign was carried out from October to November in 2021 in 156 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Two 24-h composite influent wastewater samples were collected in each WWTP. Concentrations of 11 illicit drugs or their metabolites were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Benzoylecgonine, cocaine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, norketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and MDA were not detected in any of the wastewater samples. Methamphetamine and morphine were detected in >84% of samples, while ketamine was found in about 6% of the samples. The city-specific population-weighted consumption of methamphetamine and ketamine were in the range of 0.6-49.7 and N.D.-7.0 mg 1000 inh day, respectively, with provincial population-weighted values of 22.6 and 2.4 mg 1000 inh day in southwest China. The city-specific load of morphine varied from 3.2 to 10.2 mg 1000 inh day, with provincial population-weighted load of 6.7 mg 1000 inh day. Taking into account therapeutic use of morphine and codeine, the provincial heroin consumption was estimated to be 10.3 mg 1000 inh day, ranging from 1.7 to 18.5 mg 1000 inh day in 21 cities. Overall, the patterns of illicit drugs use were similar across southwest China, with high prevalence of methamphetamine and heroin, but relatively low use of ketamine. These findings could provide accurate drugs consumption information for timely identifying potential hotspots of illicit drugs use in southwest China.
基于废水的流行病学（WBE）被用于估算中国西南部省级层面的非法药物消费量。2021年10月至11月，在156个不同的污水处理厂（WWTPs）开展了大规模的废水采样活动。每个污水处理厂采集了两份24小时的混合进水废水样本。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定了11种非法药物或其代谢物的浓度。在任何废水样本中均未检测到苯甲酰爱康宁、可卡因、6-单乙酰吗啡、去甲氯胺酮、3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸）和3,4-亚甲基二氧苯丙胺。超过84%的样本中检测到甲基苯丙胺和吗啡，而氯胺酮仅在约6%的样本中被发现。甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮在各城市的人口加权消费量分别为0.6-49.7和未检出-7.0毫克/1000人·天，中国西南部省级层面的人口加权值分别为22.6和2.4毫克/1000人·天。吗啡在各城市的负荷量为3.2-10.2毫克/1000人·天，省级层面的人口加权负荷量为6.7毫克/1000人·天。考虑到吗啡和可待因的治疗用途，估计省级层面的海洛因消费量为10.3毫克/1000人·天，在21个城市中范围为1.7-18.5毫克/1000人·天。总体而言，中国西南部非法药物使用模式相似，甲基苯丙胺和海洛因的使用率较高，但氯胺酮的使用率相对较低。这些发现可为及时识别中国西南部非法药物使用的潜在热点地区提供准确的药物消费信息。
