Risk Analysis Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Institute, Incheon National University, Academy-ro 119, Yeounsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Oct 15;311:119911. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119911. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Through a literature survey and meta-data analysis, monitoring methods and contamination levels of marine micro- and macroplastics in seawater were compared between the North Pacific and the world's other ocean basins. The minimum cut-off size in sampling and/or analysis of microplastics was crucial to the comparison of monitoring data. The North Pacific was most actively monitored for microplastics and showed comparatively high levels in the global context, while the Mediterranean Sea was most frequently monitored for macroplastics. Of the 65 extracted mean abundances of microplastics in seawater from the North Pacific, two (3.1%) exceeded the lowest predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) proposed thus far. However, in the context of business-as-usual conditions, the PNEC exceedance probability may be expected to reach 27.7% in the North Pacific in 2100. The abundance of marine plastics in seawater, which reflects the current pollution status and marine organisms' waterborne exposure levels, is a useful indicator for marine plastic pollution. For regional and global assessments of pollution status across space and time, as well as assessment of ecological risk, two microplastic monitoring approaches are recommended along with their key aspects. Although microplastic pollution is closely linked with macroplastics, the monitoring data available for floating macroplastics and more extent to mesoplastics in most ocean basins are limited. A more specific framework for visual macroplastic survey (e.g. fixed minimum cut-off size, along with survey transect width and length according to survey vessel class) is required to facilitate data comparison. With the implementation of standardised methods, increased efforts are required to gather monitoring data for microplastics and-more importantly-floating macroplastics in seawater worldwide.
通过文献调查和元数据分析，比较了北太平洋与世界其他大洋海域海水中微塑料和宏塑料的监测方法和污染水平。采样和/或分析微塑料的最小截止尺寸对于监测数据的比较至关重要。北太平洋对微塑料的监测最为活跃，在全球范围内显示出相对较高的水平，而地中海对宏塑料的监测最为频繁。在北太平洋海水中提取的 65 个微塑料平均丰度中，有两个（3.1%）超过了迄今为止提出的最低预测无影响浓度（PNEC）。然而，在照常营业的情况下，预计到 2100 年，北太平洋的 PNEC 超标概率可能达到 27.7%。海水中海洋塑料的丰度反映了当前的污染状况和海洋生物的水暴露水平，是海洋塑料污染的一个有用指标。为了对空间和时间上的污染状况进行区域和全球评估，以及对生态风险进行评估，建议采用两种微塑料监测方法及其关键方面。尽管微塑料污染与宏塑料密切相关，但大多数大洋海域浮式宏塑料和更广泛的中塑料的监测数据有限。需要一个更具体的可视宏塑料调查框架（例如，固定的最小截止尺寸，以及根据调查船级别确定的调查横截宽度和长度），以方便数据比较。随着标准化方法的实施，需要加大力度在全球范围内收集微塑料和更重要的海水中浮式宏塑料的监测数据。
