Norwegian National Burn Center, Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Directorate of Health, Department of Preparedness and Emergency Medical Services, Oslo, Norway.
European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
Burns. 2022 Dec;48(8):1794-1804. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.07.008. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
Burn care is centralized in highly specialized burn centers in Europe. These centers are of limited capacity and may be overwhelmed by a sudden surge in case of a burn mass casualty incident. Prior incidents in Europe and abroad have sustained high standards of care through well-orchestrated responses to share the burden of care in several burn centers. A burn mass casualty incident in Romania in 2015 sparked an initiative to strengthen the existing EU mechanisms. This paper aims to provide insight into developing a response plan for burn mass casualties within the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.
The European Burns Association drafted medical guidelines for burn mass casualty incidents based on a literature review and an in-depth analysis of the Romanian incident. An online questionnaire surveyed European burn centers and EU States for burn mass casualty preparedness.
The Romanian burn mass casualty in 2015 highlighted the lack of a burn-specific mechanism, leading to the late onset of international transfers. In Europe, 71% of respondents had existing mass casualty response plans, though only 35% reported having a burn-specific plan. A burns response plan for burn mass casualties was developed and adopted as a Commission staff working document in preparation for further implementation. The plan builds on the existing Union Civil Protection Mechanism framework and the standards of the WHO Emergency Medical Teams initiative to provide 1) burn assessment teams for specialized in-hospital triage of patients, 2) specialized burn care across European burn centers, and 3) medevac capacities from participating states.
The European burn mass casualty response plan could enable the delivery of high-level burn care in the face of an overwhelming incident in an affected European country. Further steps for integration and implementation of the plan within the Union Civil Protection Mechanism framework are needed.
在欧洲，烧伤治疗集中在高度专业化的烧伤中心进行。这些中心的容量有限，在发生大批烧伤突发事件时可能会不堪重负。欧洲和国外的先前事件通过协调一致的应对措施，在多个烧伤中心分担治疗负担，维持了高标准的护理水平。2015 年罗马尼亚发生的大批烧伤突发事件引发了加强现有欧盟机制的倡议。本文旨在为欧盟民防机制内的大批烧伤人员伤亡事件制定应对计划提供深入了解。
欧洲烧伤协会根据文献回顾和对罗马尼亚事件的深入分析，为大批烧伤突发事件制定了医疗指南。一项在线问卷调查了欧洲烧伤中心和欧盟成员国在大批烧伤人员伤亡方面的准备情况。
2015 年罗马尼亚的大批烧伤突发事件突显了缺乏专门的烧伤机制，导致国际转院延迟。在欧洲，71%的受访者有现有的大规模伤亡应对计划，但只有 35%的人报告有专门的烧伤计划。制定了大批烧伤人员伤亡的烧伤应对计划，并作为委员会工作人员的工作文件通过，为进一步实施做准备。该计划建立在现有的欧盟民防机制框架和世界卫生组织紧急医疗队倡议的标准之上，旨在提供 1）烧伤评估小组，对患者进行专门的院内分诊，2）欧洲烧伤中心的专门烧伤护理，以及 3）来自参与国的医疗后送能力。
欧洲大批烧伤人员伤亡应对计划可在受影响的欧洲国家发生大规模突发事件时提供高水平的烧伤治疗。需要进一步采取措施，将该计划纳入欧盟民防机制框架内进行整合和实施。
