Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
J Anim Ecol. 2022 Oct;91(10):1999-2009. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13799. Epub 2022 Aug 21.
For energetically limited organisms, life-history theory predicts trade-offs between reproductive effort and somatic maintenance. This is especially true of female mammals, for whom reproduction presents multifarious energetic and physiological demands. Here, we examine longitudinal changes in the gut virome (viral community) with respect to reproductive status in wild mature female chimpanzees Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii from two communities, Kanyawara and Ngogo, in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We used metagenomic methods to characterize viromes of individual chimpanzees while they were cycling, pregnant and lactating. Females from Kanyawara, whose territory abuts the park's boundary, had higher viral richness and loads (relative quantity of viral sequences) than females from Ngogo, whose territory is more energetically rich and located farther from large human settlements. Viral richness (total number of distinct viruses per sample) was higher when females were lactating than when cycling or pregnant. In pregnant females, viral richness increased with estimated day of gestation. Richness did not vary with age, in contrast to prior research showing increased viral abundance in older males from these same communities. Our results provide evidence of short-term physiological trade-offs between reproduction and infection, which are often hypothesized to constrain health in long-lived species.
对于能量有限的生物体，生活史理论预测了生殖努力和躯体维持之间的权衡。对于雌性哺乳动物来说尤其如此，因为它们的繁殖会带来多方面的能量和生理需求。在这里，我们研究了乌干达基巴莱国家公园的两个社区——卡尼亚瓦拉（Kanyawara）和恩戈戈（Ngogo）——中野生成熟雌性黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii）的肠道病毒组（病毒群落）随生殖状态的纵向变化。我们使用宏基因组方法来描述个体黑猩猩在循环、怀孕和哺乳期间的病毒组。其领地与公园边界接壤的卡尼亚瓦拉的雌性的病毒丰富度和负荷（病毒序列的相对数量）高于位于更具能量优势且离大型人类住区更远的恩戈戈的雌性。当雌性哺乳时，病毒丰富度高于循环或怀孕时。在怀孕的雌性中，病毒丰富度随估计的妊娠期天数而增加。与之前的研究结果相反，我们的研究结果表明，在来自这些相同社区的老年雄性中，病毒丰度增加，而年龄与病毒丰富度无关。我们的研究结果提供了生殖与感染之间短期生理权衡的证据，这种权衡通常被认为会限制长寿物种的健康。
