Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Mar 31;68(3):34-42. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.3.5.
In addition to the detrimental environmental effects of herbicides, including the pollution of soil, atmosphere, groundwater aquifers and run-off water, the lack of caution and direct or indirect exposure to these products can cause short-term and long-term human health effects. However, nanotechnology, with its many applications, can be very helpful in improving agriculture and reducing the side effects of chemicals used in agriculture. Nano-encapsulation of chemicals used in agriculture is one of the strategies to improve precision agriculture. Nano-encapsulated herbicides are controlled membrane systems in which the active ingredient is coated with semi-permeable membranes, which may be organic or inorganic polymers. In our study, chloridazon herbicide was selected as the active ingredient for Nano-encapsulation. Like many other agricultural herbicides, the major problem with this herbicide is environmental pollution and its adverse health effects. The ionic gelation method was used to synthesize nanocapsules consisting of alginate and chitosan for chloridazon encapsulation. Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles were prepared in a two-step process involving the ionotropic pre-gelation of an alginate core and then the formation of a chitosan polyelectrolyte complex. The alginate-chitosan nanocapsules containing chloridazon were synthesized at a size of 253 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.266 and a zeta potential of -1.43 mV. The loading capacity and entrapment efficiency of these nanocapsules were 14% and 57%, respectively. The study of chloridazon release from formulated alginate-chitosan nanocapsules was performed using dialysis tube testing and UV spectroscopy. The results of our study showed controlled release of chloridazon from loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules. In general, alginate-chitosan nanocapsules as a Nano-carrier, have the potential to become a commercial formulation for chloridazon encapsulation. On the other hand, controlled release and increasing the duration of action of chloridazon, along with reducing the required dose, is promising in reducing the adverse health and environmental effects caused by chloridazon and improving precision agriculture.
除了除草剂对环境的有害影响，包括土壤、大气、地下水含水层和径流水的污染之外，缺乏谨慎以及直接或间接接触这些产品可能会导致短期和长期的人类健康影响。然而，纳米技术因其众多的应用，在改善农业和减少农业中使用的化学品的副作用方面非常有帮助。化学物质的纳米封装是提高精准农业的策略之一。农用化学品的纳米封装是一种控制膜系统，其中活性成分用半透膜包裹，这些膜可以是有机或无机聚合物。在我们的研究中，氯哒嗪除草剂被选为纳米封装的活性成分。像许多其他农业除草剂一样，这种除草剂的主要问题是环境污染及其对健康的不利影响。离子凝胶法被用于合成由海藻酸钠和壳聚糖组成的纳米胶囊，用于氯哒嗪的封装。海藻酸钠-壳聚糖纳米胶囊是通过两步法制备的，包括海藻酸钠核的离子预凝胶化，然后形成壳聚糖聚电解质复合物。含有氯哒嗪的海藻酸钠-壳聚糖纳米胶囊的粒径为 253nm，多分散指数（PDI）为 0.266，zeta 电位为-1.43mV。这些纳米胶囊的载药量和包封效率分别为 14%和 57%。通过透析管测试和紫外光谱法研究了载药海藻酸钠-壳聚糖纳米胶囊中氯哒嗪的释放。我们的研究结果表明，氯哒嗪从负载的海藻酸钠-壳聚糖纳米胶囊中得到了控制释放。总的来说，海藻酸钠-壳聚糖纳米胶囊作为一种纳米载体，有潜力成为氯哒嗪封装的商业制剂。另一方面，控制氯哒嗪的释放和延长其作用时间，同时减少所需剂量，有望减少氯哒嗪对健康和环境造成的不利影响，提高精准农业的水平。
