Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
Korean J Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct;36(5):452-462. doi: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0010. Epub 2022 Aug 19.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the small noncoding RNA molecules which regulate target gene expression posttranscriptionally. They are known to regulate key cellular processes like inflammation, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis across various ocular diseases. Due to their easier access, recent focus has been laid on the investigation of miRNA expression and their involvement in several conjunctival diseases. The aim of this narrative review is to provide understanding of the miRNAs and describe the current role of miRNAs as the mediators of the various conjunctival diseases. A literature search was made using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies involving miRNAs in the conjunctival pathological conditions. Original articles in the last 10 years involving both human and animal models were included. Literature search retrieved 27 studies matching our criteria. Pertaining to the numerous literatures, there is a strong correlation between miRNA and the various pathological conditions that occur in the conjunctiva. miRNAs are involved in various physiological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, development, and inflammation by regulating various signaling pathways, genes, proteins, and mediators. Pterygium was the most studied conjunctival disease for miRNA involvement, whereas miRNA research in allergic conjunctivitis is still in its early stages. Our review provides deep insights into the various miRNAs playing an important role in the various conjunctival diseases. miRNAs do have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. However, multitudinous studies are required to validate miRNAs as the reliable biomarkers in conjunctival pathologies and its targeted therapy.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种小的非编码 RNA 分子，可在后转录水平调节靶基因的表达。已知它们可以调节各种眼部疾病中的关键细胞过程，如炎症、细胞分化、细胞增殖和细胞凋亡。由于它们更容易获得，最近的研究重点放在了 miRNA 表达及其在几种结膜疾病中的作用的研究上。本综述的目的是提供对 miRNA 的理解，并描述 miRNA 作为各种结膜疾病的介质的当前作用。使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库对涉及结膜病理条件下 miRNA 的研究进行了文献检索。纳入了涉及人和动物模型的最近 10 年的原始文章。文献检索检索到符合我们标准的 27 项研究。关于众多文献，miRNA 与结膜中发生的各种病理状况之间存在很强的相关性。miRNA 通过调节各种信号通路、基因、蛋白质和介质，参与细胞分化、增殖、凋亡、发育和炎症等各种生理过程。翼状胬肉是 miRNA 参与研究最多的结膜疾病，而过敏性结膜炎的 miRNA 研究仍处于早期阶段。我们的综述深入了解了在各种结膜疾病中发挥重要作用的各种 miRNA。miRNA 具有作为诊断、预后和治疗有意义的非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。然而，需要进行大量研究来验证 miRNA 作为结膜病变及其靶向治疗的可靠生物标志物。
