Ye Jiawei, Xu Mingcheng, Tian Xueke, Cai Sheng, Zeng Su
Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
J Pharm Anal. 2019 Aug;9(4):217-226. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 May 25.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small (approximately 22 nucleotides in length), noncoding, functional RNAs. With the development of molecular biology, the research of miRNA biological function has attracted significant interest, as abnormal miRNA expression is identified to contribute to serious human diseases such as cancers. Traditional methods for miRNA detection do not meet current demands. In particular, nanomaterial-based methods, nucleic acid amplification-based methods such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), strand-displacement amplification (SDA) and some enzyme-free amplifications have been employed widely for the highly sensitive detection of miRNA. MiRNA functional research and clinical diagnostics have been accelerated by these new techniques. Herein, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the development of miRNA detection methods and new applications. This review will provide guidelines for the development of follow-up miRNA detection methods with high sensitivity and specificity, and applicability to disease diagnosis and therapy.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类内源性的、小的（长度约为22个核苷酸）、非编码的功能性RNA。随着分子生物学的发展，miRNA生物学功能的研究引起了广泛关注，因为已发现miRNA表达异常与癌症等严重人类疾病有关。传统的miRNA检测方法已无法满足当前需求。特别是，基于纳米材料的方法、基于核酸扩增的方法如滚环扩增（RCA）、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）、链置换扩增（SDA）以及一些无酶扩增方法已被广泛用于miRNA的高灵敏度检测。这些新技术加速了miRNA功能研究和临床诊断。在此，我们总结并讨论了miRNA检测方法开发和新应用的最新进展。本综述将为后续开发具有高灵敏度和特异性、适用于疾病诊断和治疗的miRNA检测方法提供指导。
