Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
J Periodontol. 2023 Apr;94(4):529-541. doi: 10.1002/JPER.22-0204. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
Periodontitis is initiated or accelerated by dysbiosis of oral microorganisms. When hypertension is accompanied in periodontitis patients, changes of oral microbiota occur. Since there are no reports on antihypertensives, we assessed their effect on the oral microbial profiles of patients with periodontitis.
This study involved 95 participants divided into two groups: those with periodontitis and hypertension (P_HT), and those with periodontitis and taking medications for hypertension (P_mHT). Plaque samples were collected from the buccal, supragingival, and subgingival sites of the oral cavities of these patients. DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced and analyzed.
The P_HT and P_mHT groups were similar with respect to the alpha- and beta-diversity as well as the dominant phyla and genera, but differed in the relative abundance of bacterial species (85 species). In the P_mHT group, the relative abundance of major periodontal pathogens was greatly increased. In particular, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum increased nearly three times in the linear discriminant analysis score in the supragingival plaque. Also, there was an increase in the relative abundance of Prevotella spp., associated with periodontitis and nitrate reduction, which was also evident in the supragingival plaque.
These findings indicate that antihypertensives induce dysbiotic changes in the oral microbiota of patients with periodontitis, which are associated with increases in the relative abundance of periodontal pathogens. Therefore, more active periodontal treatment and supportive periodontal therapy are required in patients taking antihypertensives.
牙周炎是由口腔微生物的失调引发或加速的。当牙周炎患者伴有高血压时，口腔微生物群会发生变化。由于没有关于降压药的报道，我们评估了它们对牙周炎患者口腔微生物谱的影响。
本研究涉及 95 名参与者，分为两组：牙周炎伴高血压（P_HT）组和牙周炎伴降压药治疗（P_mHT）组。从这些患者的口腔颊、龈上和龈下部位采集菌斑样本。提取 DNA，对 16S 核糖体 RNA 的 V3-V4 区进行测序和分析。
P_HT 和 P_mHT 组在 alpha 和 beta 多样性以及优势菌群和属方面相似，但在细菌种类的相对丰度（85 种）上存在差异。在 P_mHT 组中，主要牙周病原体的相对丰度大大增加。特别是，龈上菌斑中坦纳拉福赛思氏菌、齿密螺旋体和快速纤毛杆菌的线性判别分析评分增加了近三倍。此外，与牙周炎和硝酸盐还原有关的普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度增加，这在龈上菌斑中也很明显。
这些发现表明，降压药会引起牙周炎患者口腔微生物群的失调变化，这与牙周病病原体相对丰度的增加有关。因此，服用降压药的患者需要更积极的牙周治疗和支持性牙周治疗。
