Hampson D R, Poduslo S E
J Neurosci Res. 1987;17(3):277-84. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490170312.
Neuronal membranes are unique in that they consist of several functionally distinct segments: the perikaryal plasma membrane, the axolemma, the synaptic membrane, and the dendritic membrane. Methods are now available to isolate the first three types of membranes as well as to isolate oligodendroglial plasma membranes. The protein and glycoprotein compositions for each set of membranes were analyzed by silver staining after separation by SDS polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and by radiolabeled lectin binding to glycoproteins transferred to nitrocellulose. Analysis of the composition of each set of membranes reveals that they are all complex structures consisting of heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and glycoproteins, ranging in molecular weights from greater than 200,000 to 15,000. Each membrane fraction presents a unique pattern of staining and of lectin binding. As there were proteins and glycoproteins in common among the membranes, there were also differences. Synaptic membranes and axolemma appeared to have more proteins of higher molecular weight than the other membranes. Neuronal plasma membranes had a major concanavalin A binding glycoprotein at 79 kDa, which was not found in the other membranes. The three neuronal membrane fractions had a common wheat germ agglutinin binding glycoprotein at 82 kDa. The most interesting finding was the intense binding of neuronal plasma membrane glycoproteins to Ulex europaeus, suggesting high levels of fucose-containing glycoproteins.
神经元膜具有独特之处，因为它们由几个功能不同的部分组成：胞体质膜、轴突膜、突触膜和树突膜。现在已有方法可分离出前三种类型的膜以及少突胶质细胞质膜。通过SDS聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳分离后用银染法以及用放射性标记的凝集素与转移到硝酸纤维素膜上的糖蛋白结合，对每组膜的蛋白质和糖蛋白组成进行了分析。对每组膜组成的分析表明，它们都是复杂的结构，由分子量从大于200,000到15,000的蛋白质和糖蛋白的异质混合物组成。每个膜组分都呈现出独特的染色模式和凝集素结合模式。由于膜之间存在共同的蛋白质和糖蛋白，也存在差异。突触膜和轴突膜似乎比其他膜含有更多分子量较高的蛋白质。神经元质膜在79 kDa处有一个主要的伴刀豆球蛋白A结合糖蛋白，在其他膜中未发现。三种神经元膜组分在82 kDa处有一个共同的麦胚凝集素结合糖蛋白。最有趣的发现是神经元质膜糖蛋白与欧洲荆豆有强烈结合，表明含有高水平的含岩藻糖糖蛋白。
