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Cdc20 磷酸化在调节 APC/C 在有丝分裂中的作用。

Role of phosphorylation of Cdc20 in the regulation of the action of APC/C in mitosis.

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.

出版信息

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 30;119(35):e2210367119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2210367119. Epub 2022 Aug 24.

Abstract

The ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome) is essential for the control of mitosis, and its activity is subject to tight regulation. In early mitosis, APC/C is inhibited by the mitotic checkpoint system, but subsequently it regains activity and promotes metaphase-anaphase transition by targeting cyclin B and securin for degradation. The phosphorylation of APC/C by the mitotic protein kinase Cdk1-cyclin B facilitates its interaction with its coactivator Cdc20, while the phosphorylation of Cdc20 inhibits its binding to APC/C. This raises the question of how Cdc20 binds to APC/C under conditions of high Cdk1 activity. It seemed possible that the opposing action of protein phosphatases produces a fraction of unphosphorylated Cdc20 that binds to APC/C. We found, however, that while inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP2A and PP1 increased the overall phosphorylation of Cdc20 in anaphase extracts from eggs, they did not decrease the levels of Cdc20 bound to APC/C. Searching for alternative mechanisms, we found that following the binding of Cdc20 to APC/C, it became significantly protected against phosphorylation by Cdk1. Protection was mainly at threonine sites at the N-terminal region of Cdc20, known to affect its interaction with APC/C. A model is proposed according to which a pool of unphosphorylated Cdc20, originating from initial stages of mitosis or from phosphatase action, combines with phosphorylated APC/C and thus becomes stabilized against further phosphorylation, possibly by steric hindrance of Cdk1 action. This pool of APC appears to be required for the regulation of APC/C activity at different stages of mitosis.

摘要

泛素连接酶 APC/C(有丝分裂促进复合物/细胞周期蛋白体)对于控制有丝分裂是必不可少的,其活性受到严格的调节。在早期有丝分裂中,APC/C 被有丝分裂检查点系统抑制,但随后它通过靶向细胞周期蛋白 B 和 securin 的降解恢复活性,并促进中期-后期转变。有丝分裂蛋白激酶 Cdk1-细胞周期蛋白 B 对 APC/C 的磷酸化有助于其与共激活因子 Cdc20 相互作用,而 Cdc20 的磷酸化抑制其与 APC/C 的结合。这就提出了一个问题,即在 Cdk1 活性高的情况下,Cdc20 如何与 APC/C 结合。似乎有可能,蛋白磷酸酶的拮抗作用产生了一部分未磷酸化的 Cdc20,与 APC/C 结合。然而,我们发现,尽管蛋白磷酸酶 PP2A 和 PP1 的抑制剂增加了卵母细胞中期提取物中 Cdc20 的整体磷酸化,但它们并没有降低与 APC/C 结合的 Cdc20 水平。在寻找替代机制时,我们发现,Cdc20 与 APC/C 结合后,它对 Cdk1 的磷酸化变得显著受到保护。保护主要发生在 Cdc20 N 端区域的苏氨酸位点,这些位点已知会影响其与 APC/C 的相互作用。提出了一个模型,根据该模型,一部分未磷酸化的 Cdc20 源自有丝分裂的初始阶段或磷酸酶的作用,与磷酸化的 APC/C 结合,从而变得稳定,不受进一步磷酸化的影响,可能是通过空间位阻阻止 Cdk1 的作用。这个 APC 池似乎是调节 APC/C 在有丝分裂不同阶段活性所必需的。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/96d3/9436321/99c6fff52688/pnas.2210367119fig01.jpg

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