Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France.
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, France, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, 38402.
Evolution. 2022 Oct;76(10):2404-2423. doi: 10.1111/evo.14599. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
The striking female-limited mimicry observed in some butterfly species is a text-book example of sexually dimorphic trait submitted to intense natural selection. Two main evolutionary hypotheses, based on natural and sexual selection respectively, have been proposed. Predation pressure favoring mimicry toward defended species could be higher in females because of their slower flight, and thus overcome developmental constraints favoring the ancestral trait that limits the evolution of mimicry in males but not in females. Alternatively, the evolution of mimicry in males could be limited by female preference for non-mimetic males. However, the evolutionary origin of female preference for non-mimetic males remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that costly sexual interactions between individuals from distinct sympatric species might intensify because of mimicry, therefore promoting female preference for non-mimetic trait. Using a mathematical model, we compare the evolution of female-limited mimicry when assuming either alternative selective hypotheses. We show that the patterns of divergence of male and female trait from the ancestral traits can differ between these selection regimes. We specifically highlight that divergence in female trait is not a signature of the effect of natural selection. Our results also evidence why female-limited mimicry is more frequently observed in Batesian mimics.
在某些蝴蝶物种中观察到的明显雌性限性拟态是性二态特征受到强烈自然选择的教科书范例。分别基于自然选择和性选择，已经提出了两个主要的进化假说。由于雌性的飞行速度较慢，因此捕食压力有利于向受保护物种的拟态，这可能比雄性更强，从而克服了有利于限制雄性而不是雌性中拟态进化的祖先特征的发育限制。或者，雄性拟态的进化可能受到雌性对非拟态雄性的偏好的限制。然而，雌性对非拟态雄性的偏好的进化起源仍不清楚。在这里，我们假设来自不同同域物种的个体之间的昂贵的性相互作用可能会因为拟态而加剧，因此促进了雌性对非拟态特征的偏好。我们使用数学模型比较了在假设这两种替代选择假说时雌性限性拟态的进化。我们表明，在这些选择机制中，雄性和雌性特征与祖先特征的分歧模式可能不同。我们特别强调指出，雌性特征的分歧并不是自然选择影响的标志。我们的结果还证明了为什么雌性限性拟态在 Batesian 拟态中更常见。
