Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.
AIDS Care. 2023 Feb;35(2):289-295. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2113759. Epub 2022 Aug 25.
Determination of functional capacity in cognitively impaired persons living with HIV (PLHIV) is pivotal to the accurate diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Functional data is typically collected through self-report. Reliability concerns arise with memory and executive functioning impairments, which could compromise the integrity of self-report and result in inaccurate HAND diagnoses. The current study tested the accuracy of older PLHIV functional reports through examination of concordance rates between self-report and caregiver's (CG) report. Cross-sectional cognitive, mood, and functional status data were sampled from the Manhattan HIV Brain Bank. Participants and caregivers independently completed an Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaire, producing 78 participant-caregiver dyads. Functional report concordance was operationalized by calculating differences between participant and CG ADL total scores. Assessment pairs differing by 2 or more points were considered to be discordant. Analyses revealed that one-third of the patient sample was discordant in the ADL report. ANOVA revealed that PLHIV overestimating their functional impairments, were significantly older, more educated, and more depressed than other participants. Global cognitive functioning was not associated with concordance. Thus, the majority of PLHIV were consistent with their caregivers' ADL report, and older age and increased depressive symptomatology, but not cognitive status, were factors associated with discordance.
确定认知障碍的 HIV 感染者(PLHIV)的功能能力对于准确诊断 HIV 相关神经认知障碍(HAND)至关重要。功能数据通常通过自我报告收集。记忆和执行功能障碍会引起可靠性问题,这可能会损害自我报告的完整性,并导致不准确的 HAND 诊断。本研究通过检查自我报告和照顾者(CG)报告之间的一致性率,测试了老年 PLHIV 功能报告的准确性。从曼哈顿 HIV 脑库中抽取了横断面认知、情绪和功能状态数据。参与者和照顾者分别完成了日常生活活动(ADL)问卷,产生了 78 个参与者-照顾者对子。通过计算参与者和 CG 的 ADL 总分之间的差异,将功能报告的一致性定义为操作化。评估对相差 2 分或更多的被认为是不一致的。分析显示,三分之一的患者样本在 ADL 报告中存在不一致。方差分析显示,高估自身功能障碍的 PLHIV 年龄更大、受教育程度更高、抑郁症状更严重,而认知功能则与一致性无关。因此,大多数 PLHIV 与其照顾者的 ADL 报告一致,而年龄较大和抑郁症状加重是与不一致相关的因素,而不是认知状态。