Harrison K, Hallett J, Burcham T S, Feeney R E, Kerr W L, Yeh Y
Nature. 1987;328(6127):241-3. doi: 10.1038/328241a0.
Inhibition of ice growth in supercooled solution by certain proteins is vital to the survival of many living organisms. Some fish, native to both subzero northern and southern waters, have special proteins or glycoproteins in their blood serum that inhibit ice formation. Whereas these proteins have only a very small effect on the melting temperature of ice, the temperature of these fish can fall to nearly 1 K below the melting point before ice crystals grow. This phenomenon is called freezing hysteresis, in contrast to the normal colligative effect of solutes that depresses the equilibrium temperature, around which small changes lead to crystal growth or melting depending on sign. Some insects also exhibit a serum freezing hysteresis. We report the effects of different degrees of supercooling on the habit and rates of growth of ice crystals from solutions of these antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). We find that the crystallization rate is up to five times greater than that in pure water.
某些蛋白质对过冷溶液中冰生长的抑制作用对许多生物的生存至关重要。一些原产于北极和南极零度以下水域的鱼类，其血清中含有特殊的蛋白质或糖蛋白，可抑制冰的形成。尽管这些蛋白质对冰的熔点影响非常小，但这些鱼类的体温可以降至比熔点低近1K的温度，冰晶才开始生长。这种现象称为冻结滞后，与溶质降低平衡温度的正常依数效应相反，在平衡温度附近，微小的变化会根据正负号导致晶体生长或融化。一些昆虫也表现出血清冻结滞后现象。我们报告了不同程度的过冷对这些抗冻糖蛋白（AFGP）溶液中冰晶习性和生长速率的影响。我们发现结晶速率比纯水中的结晶速率高出五倍。
