鱼类抗冻蛋白对冰中非基面生长的抑制作用。

Raymond J A, Wilson P, DeVries A L

Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks 99701.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(3):881-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.3.881.

Peptide and glycopeptide antifreezes from a variety of cold-water fishes cause ice single crystals grown from the melt to assume unusual and strikingly similar habits. The antifreezes inhibit growth on the prism faces but allow limited growth on the basal plane. As new layers are deposited on the basal plane, pyramidal surfaces develop on the outside of the crystal, and large hexagonal pits form within the basal plane. The pits are rotated 30 degrees with respect to the normal orientation of hexagonal ice crystals. Growth inhibition on the prism, pyramidal, and pit faces indicates that these faces contain sites of adsorption of the antifreeze molecules. Several properties of the antifreeze pits are consistent with (but do not prove) an origin of the pits at dislocations. The similarity of crystal habit imposed on ice by antifreezes with wide differences in composition and structure indicates a common mechanism.

来自多种冷水鱼类的肽类和糖肽类抗冻剂会使从熔体中生长出的冰单晶呈现出异常且极为相似的习性。这些抗冻剂抑制棱柱面的生长，但允许基面有有限的生长。当新的层沉积在基面上时，晶体外部会形成棱锥面，基面内会形成大的六边形凹坑。这些凹坑相对于六边形冰晶的正常取向旋转了30度。棱柱面、棱锥面和凹坑面上的生长抑制表明这些面含有抗冻剂分子的吸附位点。抗冻凹坑的几个特性与位错处凹坑的起源一致（但未证明）。成分和结构差异很大的抗冻剂对冰施加的晶体习性相似，这表明存在一种共同机制。