Lyon Rachael E, Rizeq Jala, Flora David B, Martinussen Rhonda, Andrade Brendan F, Toplak Maggie E
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Brain Sci. 2022 Aug 4;12(8):1033. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12081033.
Executive function task (EF) deficits are hypothesized to underlie difficulties with self-regulation. However, tasks assessing EF impairments have only been weakly correlated with rating scales that index self-regulation difficulties. A community sample of children and youth aged between 8 and 20 years old were assessed longitudinally. Growth curve analyses and correlations were conducted to better understand how these two types of measures relate to one another across development, as well as the impact of age-related variance. EF was assessed using the Stroop Task and Trail Making test and behavioral ratings of self-regulation were captured using the SWAN scale. EF task performance improved steeply until age 14-15, whereas the SWAN Scale showed small age-related decreases. EF task performance was moderately correlated with age among 8-13-year-olds and to a lesser extent among 14-20-year-olds. SWAN scores were not significantly related to age in either group. Correlations were similar in an ADHD "at-risk" subgroup. EF task performance and parent ratings of attention regulation have different developmental trajectories, which may partly explain why correlations are low to modest in these samples. In particular, age-related variance is an important methodological consideration with significant implications for the assessment of self-regulation in children and youth with ADHD.
执行功能任务（EF）缺陷被认为是自我调节困难的潜在原因。然而，评估EF损伤的任务与索引自我调节困难的评定量表之间的相关性一直很弱。对8至20岁的儿童和青少年社区样本进行了纵向评估。进行了生长曲线分析和相关性分析，以更好地理解这两种测量方法在整个发育过程中是如何相互关联的，以及年龄相关差异的影响。使用Stroop任务和连线测验评估EF，并使用SWAN量表获取自我调节的行为评分。EF任务表现直到14至15岁时急剧改善，而SWAN量表显示与年龄相关的小幅下降。EF任务表现在8至13岁儿童中与年龄呈中度相关，在14至20岁儿童中相关性较小。两组中SWAN评分与年龄均无显著相关性。在注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）“风险”亚组中相关性相似。EF任务表现和家长对注意力调节的评分有不同的发展轨迹，这可能部分解释了为什么在这些样本中相关性较低至中等。特别是，年龄相关差异是一个重要的方法学考虑因素，对ADHD儿童和青少年的自我调节评估具有重要意义。
