健康受试者的饮食组成与肾功能

Dietary composition and renal function in healthy subjects.

作者信息

Wiseman M J, Hunt R, Goodwin A, Gross J L, Keen H, Viberti G C

出版信息

Nephron. 1987;46(1):37-42. doi: 10.1159/000184293.

Abstract

Increments in dietary protein intake can increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans, and the glomerular hyperfiltration induced by high protein intake has been incriminated in the progression of glomerulosclerosis related to age and a number of renal diseases. GFR (as 51Cr-EDTA clearance) was measured in 18 vegans, 16 lactovegetarians and 18 omnivorous control subjects, matched for age. Omnivores ate significantly more total protein and protein of animal origin than the other two groups. Vegetable protein comprised 100% of the vegans' daily protein intake and 64% of the lactovegetarians', both significantly higher than the omnivores' (32%). Vegans and lactovegetarians also ate more carbohydrate and fibre than omnivores, although fat intake was similar. Mean GFR was significantly lower in the vegans than in the omnivores (100 +/- 13 vs. 113 +/- 16 ml/min/1.73 m2; p less than 0.04) and was intermediate in the lactovegetarians (105 +/- 16 ml/min/1.73 m2). Omnivores had significantly higher mean urinary albumin excretion rate (p less than 0.05) than vegans, and higher mean diastolic blood pressure than both vegans and lactovegetarians (p less than 0.01). The vegan diet is associated with glomerular and systemic haemodynamic changes which may be beneficial in the prevention of glomerular sclerotic changes in health and disease.

摘要

膳食蛋白质摄入量的增加会提高人类的肾小球滤过率（GFR），高蛋白摄入引起的肾小球高滤过被认为与年龄相关的肾小球硬化以及一些肾脏疾病的进展有关。对18名纯素食者、16名乳素食者和18名年龄匹配的杂食对照者测量了GFR（以51Cr - EDTA清除率表示）。杂食者摄入的总蛋白和动物源性蛋白明显多于其他两组。植物蛋白占纯素食者每日蛋白质摄入量的100%，占乳素食者的64%，均显著高于杂食者（32%）。纯素食者和乳素食者摄入的碳水化合物和纤维也比杂食者多，尽管脂肪摄入量相似。纯素食者的平均GFR显著低于杂食者（100±13 vs. 113±16 ml/min/1.73 m2；p<0.04），乳素食者的GFR处于中间水平（105±16 ml/min/1.73 m2）。杂食者的平均尿白蛋白排泄率显著高于纯素食者（p<0.05），平均舒张压高于纯素食者和乳素食者（p<0.01）。纯素食饮食与肾小球和全身血流动力学变化有关，这可能有利于预防健康和疾病状态下的肾小球硬化变化。