Latorre-Román Pedro Ángel, Párraga-Montilla Juan Antonio, Robles-Fuentes Alejandro, Roche-Seruendo Luis Enrique, Lucena-Zurita Manuel, Muñoz-Jiménez Marcos, Manjón-Pozas Daniel, Salas-Sánchez Jesús, da Conceição Filipe Almeida, Consuegra González Pedro José
Department of Didactic of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
Ayuntamiento de Santiago Pontones, 23091 Jaen, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2022 Jul 30;9(8):1150. doi: 10.3390/children9081150.
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age and sex on kinematic gait parameters in preschool children, and derive reference values for this population. A total of 383 preschool children (age 3-5 years; 207 girls, 176 boys) participated in this study. We used the OptoGait system to assess the kinematics of gait at a comfortable and self-determined speed. No significant differences between the sexes were found for the main gait parameters. Among the participants, there was a significant increase in double support, reductions in absolute cadence and the coefficient of variation (CV) of cadence, an increase in absolute step length (SL), and an increase in the walk ratio (WR) from 3 to 5 years of age. However, the normalized SL and normalized WR displayed a significant reduction in both sexes. Partial correlation indicated a significant association of age with SL and normalized SL, and WR. Additionally, WR showed a significant correlation with the CV of cadence. To summarize, no relevant differences in gait performance were found according to sex; however, age was found to influence gait maturation. The normative values established for Spanish preschool children can be used to monitor healthy gait development.
本研究旨在分析年龄和性别对学龄前儿童运动步态参数的影响，并得出该人群的参考值。共有383名学龄前儿童（年龄3至5岁；女孩207名，男孩176名）参与了本研究。我们使用OptoGait系统以舒适且自主决定的速度评估步态的运动学。主要步态参数在性别之间未发现显著差异。在参与者中，从3岁到5岁，双支撑显著增加，绝对步频和步频变异系数（CV）降低，绝对步长（SL）增加，步行比率（WR）增加。然而，标准化步长和标准化步行比率在两性中均显著降低。偏相关表明年龄与步长、标准化步长以及步行比率存在显著关联。此外，步行比率与步频变异系数显示出显著相关性。总之，根据性别未发现步态表现的相关差异；然而，发现年龄会影响步态成熟度。为西班牙学龄前儿童建立的标准值可用于监测健康步态发育。
