Ghidini Sergio, Varrà Maria Olga, Husáková Lenka, Alborali Giovanni Loris, Patočka Jan, Ianieri Adriana, Zanardi Emanuela
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573 HB/D, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
Foods. 2022 Aug 21;11(16):2530. doi: 10.3390/foods11162530.
Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles ( ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children's estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.
对意大利重型猪的肌肉和肝脏组织进行了分析，以调查当地消费者长期食用这些产品是否会因某些有毒金属和类金属（TMMs）污染而带来健康风险。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测量铝（Al）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、锡（Sn）、铀（U）和锌（Zn）的浓度，而汞（Hg）分析则通过汞分析仪进行。铁、锌和铜是两种组织中含量最丰富的元素，而铀仅在超痕量水平被检测到。与肌肉相比，砷、镉、铜、铁、汞、铅、铀和锌在肝脏中的浓度显著更高（≤0.01），镉和铜在肝组织中的浓度分别高出60倍和9倍。尽管如此，所有样品中所有TMMs的浓度都非常低，以至于由此得出的估计膳食摄入量并未表明存在任何食品安全问题。事实上，摄入量均低于基于毒理学健康的指导值，或导致低暴露边际。然而，在最坏情况暴露情景的计算中，儿童仅通过食用猪肝对镉、铁和锌的估计摄入量分别占这些元素可耐受每周摄入量的23%以上、38%以上和39%以上，而同时食用猪肝和猪肌肉的情况下，这一比例分别超过24%、46%和76%。这些发现警示了通过整个饮食摄入镉、铁和锌可能超过毒理学指导值的可能性，这表明对较年轻人群可能存在长期负面健康影响。
