Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
Cells. 2022 Aug 11;11(16):2501. doi: 10.3390/cells11162501.
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that constitute a sizeable portion of many eukaryotic genomes. Through their mobility, they represent a major source of genetic variation, and their activation can cause genetic instability and has been linked to aging, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, tight regulation of TE transcription is necessary for normal development. Chromatin is at the heart of TE regulation; however, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the precise role of chromatin marks in TE silencing and how chromatin marks are established and maintained at TE loci. In this review, I discuss evidence documenting the contribution of chromatin-associated proteins and histone marks in TE regulation across different species with an emphasis on Drosophila and mammalian systems.
转座元件（TEs）是可移动的遗传元件，构成了许多真核生物基因组的重要组成部分。通过其可移动性，它们代表了遗传变异的主要来源，其激活可导致遗传不稳定性，并与衰老、癌症和神经退行性疾病有关。因此，TE 转录的紧密调控对于正常发育是必要的。染色质是 TE 调控的核心；然而，我们仍然缺乏对染色质标记在 TE 沉默中的精确作用以及染色质标记如何在 TE 位点建立和维持的全面理解。在这篇综述中，我讨论了证明染色质相关蛋白和组蛋白标记在不同物种（重点是果蝇和哺乳动物系统）TE 调控中的作用的证据。
