Lawrence J M, Raisman G
Neuroscience. 1987 Mar;20(3):1031-41. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(87)90261-2.
The work of Aguayo and colleagues [Aguayo, David and Bray (1981) J. Exp. Biol. 95, 231-240] demonstrates that grafts of peripheral neural tissue are able to induce regenerative elongation of cut axons in the adult central nervous system. Elucidation of the mechanism of this response requires an understanding of the cellular interactions induced by these types of transplant. In previous studies [Zhou, Lawrence, Morris and Raisman (1986) Neuroscience 17, 815-827; Zhou, Lindsay, Lawrence and Raisman (1986) Neuroscience 17, 803-813] we have transplanted decapsulated adult superior cervical sympathetic ganglia or nodose ganglia into either the septal nuclei or the choroid fissure of adult syngeneic rat hosts. We found that host astrocytes invade the transplants along Schwann cell fascicles and around blood vessels. This raises the questions of what form the migrating astrocytes take, what routes they follow, and what is their fate. In the present study we have taken advantage of the fact that at longer survivals astrocytes accumulate as "paravascular cuffs", and we show that they have several specialized ultrastructural features, such as plasmalemmal caveolae, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes and accumulations of extracellular material. The specific stimuli inducing (or enhancing) these astrocytic specializations and their significance in relation to the wider morphogenetic events induced by peripheral neural transplants remain to be elucidated. However, the observations are further evidence of the remarkable mobility and plasticity of central astrocytes in transplantation situations, and in particular emphasize the involvement of the cell surface and its relationship to extracellular matrix.
阿瓜约及其同事的研究工作[Aguayo, David and Bray (1981) J. Exp. Biol. 95, 231 - 240]表明，外周神经组织移植能够诱导成年中枢神经系统中切断轴突的再生性延长。要阐明这种反应的机制，需要了解这类移植所诱导的细胞间相互作用。在之前的研究中[Zhou, Lawrence, Morris and Raisman (1986) Neuroscience 17, 815 - 827; Zhou, Lindsay, Lawrence and Raisman (1986) Neuroscience 17, 803 - 813]，我们将去除被膜的成年颈上神经节或结状神经节移植到同基因成年大鼠宿主的隔核或脉络膜裂中。我们发现，宿主星形胶质细胞沿着雪旺细胞束并围绕血管侵入移植组织。这就引出了迁移的星形胶质细胞呈何种形态、遵循什么路径以及它们的命运如何等问题。在本研究中，我们利用了这样一个事实，即在较长存活期时，星形胶质细胞会积聚形成“血管旁套”，并且我们表明它们具有几种特殊的超微结构特征，如质膜小窝、桥粒、半桥粒以及细胞外物质的积聚。诱导（或增强）这些星形胶质细胞特化的具体刺激因素及其与外周神经移植所诱导的更广泛形态发生事件的关系仍有待阐明。然而，这些观察结果进一步证明了在移植情况下中枢星形胶质细胞具有显著的迁移能力和可塑性，尤其强调了细胞表面的参与及其与细胞外基质的关系。
