Ptasiewicz Maja, Bębnowska Dominika, Małkowska Paulina, Sierawska Olga, Poniewierska-Baran Agata, Hrynkiewicz Rafał, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina, Grywalska Ewelina, Chałas Renata
Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2022 Aug 19;11(16):4873. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164873.
The oral mucosa is a mechanical barrier against the penetration and colonization of microorganisms. Oral homeostasis is maintained by congenital and adaptive systems in conjunction with normal oral flora and an intact oral mucosa. Components contributing to the defense of the oral cavity include the salivary glands, innate antimicrobial proteins of saliva, plasma proteins, circulating white blood cells, keratinocyte products of the oral mucosa, and gingival crevicular fluid. General disturbances in the level of immunoglobulins in the human body may be manifested as pathological lesions in the oral mucosa. Symptoms of immunoglobulin-related general diseases such as mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), pemphigus vulgaris (PV), linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD), Epidermolysis Bullosa Aquisita (EBA), and Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) may appear in the oral cavity. In this review, authors present selected diseases associated with immunoglobulins in which the lesions appear in the oral cavity. Early detection and treatment of autoimmune diseases, sometimes showing a severe evolution (e.g., PV), allow the control of their dissemination and involvement of skin or other body organs. Immunoglobulin disorders with oral manifestations are not common, but knowledge, differentiation and diagnosis are essential for proper treatment.
口腔黏膜是抵御微生物侵入和定植的机械屏障。口腔稳态由先天性和适应性系统与正常口腔菌群以及完整的口腔黏膜共同维持。有助于口腔防御的成分包括唾液腺、唾液中的先天性抗菌蛋白、血浆蛋白、循环白细胞、口腔黏膜的角质形成细胞产物以及龈沟液。人体免疫球蛋白水平的一般紊乱可能表现为口腔黏膜的病理病变。免疫球蛋白相关全身性疾病如类天疱疮（MMP）、寻常型天疱疮（PV）、线状IgA大疱性皮肤病（LABD）、获得性大疱性表皮松解症（EBA）和高IgE综合征（HIES）的症状可能出现在口腔。在本综述中，作者介绍了与免疫球蛋白相关且病变出现在口腔的特定疾病。自身免疫性疾病有时会呈现严重进展（如PV），早期检测和治疗可控制其扩散以及皮肤或其他身体器官的受累情况。有口腔表现的免疫球蛋白紊乱并不常见，但了解、鉴别和诊断对于恰当治疗至关重要。
