Zlámalová Cílová Zuzana, Čisťakova Viktoria, Kozáková Romana, Lapčák Ladislav
Department of Glass and Ceramics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
National Museum, Václavské náměstí 1700/68, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Aug 19;15(16):5740. doi: 10.3390/ma15165740.
The presented study evaluated a set of beads primarily originating from the Hallstatt period (800-400 BC) and uncovered in the region of Bohemia. Utilizing an SEM/EDS method, the chemical composition of the glass samples was determined and their homogeneity measured. Owing to the presence of opaque glass, Raman spectroscopy was applied, enabling the definition of the phases causing the opacity of the glass, as well as its coloring. This article discusses opacifying agents, including the possible ways in which they entered the artefacts. In addition, the techniques used to produce the glass beads are described, for both the single-colored beads, as well as the so-called eye beads that are present in a significant amount in the set. The majority of the beads examined were found to be made of the LMG glass type (low-magnesium soda-lime glass). An unexpected result was the identification of glass with a high content of KO not corresponding to the mixed alkali type (LMHK), which is frequently discussed in the literature. The glass type in question most likely does not come from the traditional area of glass production: the eastern Mediterranean territory.
本研究评估了一组主要源自哈尔施塔特时期（公元前800 - 400年）且在波希米亚地区出土的珠子。利用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪（SEM/EDS）方法，测定了玻璃样品的化学成分并测量了其均匀性。由于存在不透明玻璃，因此应用了拉曼光谱，从而能够确定导致玻璃不透明的相及其着色情况。本文讨论了遮光剂，包括它们进入人工制品的可能方式。此外，还描述了用于生产玻璃珠的技术，包括单色珠以及该组中大量存在的所谓“眼珠”。所检查的大多数珠子被发现是由LMG玻璃类型（低镁钠钙玻璃）制成的。一个意外的结果是鉴定出了一种高含量KO的玻璃，它与文献中经常讨论的混合碱类型（LMHK）不相符。所讨论的这种玻璃类型很可能并非来自传统的玻璃生产地区：东地中海地区。
