Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 14;14(16):3326. doi: 10.3390/nu14163326.
The substantial increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia might be driven by rapid socio-economic development through urbanization. Here, we carried out a longitudinal 1-year follow-up study to evaluate the effect of urbanization, an important determinant of health, on metabolic profiles of young Indonesian adults. University freshmen/women in Jakarta, aged 16−25 years, who either had recently migrated from rural areas or originated from urban settings were studied. Anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity, as well as fasting blood glucose and insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at baseline and repeated at one year follow-up. At baseline, 106 urban and 83 rural subjects were recruited, of which 81 urban and 66 rural were followed up. At baseline, rural subjects had better adiposity profiles, whole-body insulin resistance, and adipokine levels compared to their urban counterparts. After 1-year, rural subjects experienced an almost twice higher increase in BMI than urban subjects (estimate (95%CI): 1.23 (0.94; 1.52) and 0.69 (0.43; 0.95) for rural and urban subjects, respectively, Pint < 0.01). Fat intake served as the major dietary component, which partially mediates the differences in BMI between urban and rural group at baseline. It also contributed to the changes in BMI over time for both groups, although it does not explain the enhanced gain of BMI in rural subjects. A significantly higher increase of leptin/adiponectin ratio was also seen in rural subjects after 1-year of living in an urban area. In conclusion, urbanization was associated with less favorable changes in adiposity and adipokine profiles in a population of young Indonesian adults.
印度尼西亚非传染性疾病的患病率显著增加，可能是由于城市化推动了快速的社会经济发展。在这里，我们进行了一项为期 1 年的纵向随访研究，以评估城市化这一重要健康决定因素对印度尼西亚年轻成年人代谢特征的影响。研究对象为雅加达的大学新生/女学生，年龄在 16-25 岁之间，他们要么最近从农村地区迁移而来，要么来自城市地区。在基线和 1 年随访时测量了人体测量学、饮食摄入和身体活动，以及空腹血糖和胰岛素、瘦素和脂联素。基线时，共招募了 106 名城市和 83 名农村受试者，其中 81 名城市和 66 名农村受试者进行了随访。基线时，农村受试者的体脂分布、全身胰岛素抵抗和脂肪因子水平优于城市受试者。1 年后，农村受试者的 BMI 增长几乎是城市受试者的两倍（估计值（95%CI）：1.23（0.94；1.52）和 0.69（0.43；0.95），农村和城市受试者分别，Pint < 0.01）。脂肪摄入量是主要的饮食成分，部分解释了城乡组基线 BMI 差异的原因。它也导致了两组 BMI 的变化，尽管它不能解释农村受试者 BMI 增加的原因。在居住在城市地区 1 年后，农村受试者的瘦素/脂联素比值也显著升高。总之，城市化与印度尼西亚年轻成年人的肥胖和脂肪因子特征的变化不太有利有关。
