Kurniawan Farid, Sigit Fathimah S, Trompet Stella, Yunir Em, Tarigan Tri Juli E, Harbuwono Dante S, Soewondo Pradana, Tahapary Dicky L, de Mutsert Renée
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Jan 24;38:102629. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102629. eCollection 2024 Feb.
To investigate the differences between Indonesian urban and rural populations in the association of lifestyle and clinical factors with diabetes prevalence.
Using database of the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey, which was conducted in April-May 2018, non-pregnant respondents aged ≥15 years old with available blood glucose data (n urban = 17,129, n rural = 16,585) were included in this study. The diagnosis of diabetes was based on the combination of known diabetes, i.e., a previous history of diabetes or use of anti-diabetes medication, and unknown diabetes based on blood glucose criteria. We performed logistic regression analyses separately for the urban and rural populations to examine the association of lifestyle and clinical factors with prevalent diabetes.
Indonesian urban population was less physically active, had a lower proportion of adequate fruit and vegetable intake, and had higher individuals with obesity than rural population. Although there were no differences in the total prevalence of diabetes between the two populations (10.9 % vs. 11.0 %, for urban and rural, respectively), the prevalence of known diabetes was twice higher in urban than in rural population (3.8 % vs. 1.9 %). Physical activity was associated with lower risk of diabetes, especially in the urban population [prevalence OR (95 %CI): 0.91 (0.85; 0.98) for urban and 0.94 (0.89; 1.00) for rural). Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were risk factors for prevalent diabetes in both populations.
Indonesian rural population showed relatively better lifestyle and clinical profiles compared to their urban counterparts. However, no differences were observed between the two populations in the relation between risk factors and diabetes. Special attention needs to be addressed to the high prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes in Indonesia.
调查印度尼西亚城市和农村人口在生活方式及临床因素与糖尿病患病率之间关联上的差异。
本研究纳入了2018年4月至5月进行的印度尼西亚基本健康调查数据库中年龄≥15岁且有可用血糖数据的非妊娠受访者（城市n = 17129，农村n = 16585）。糖尿病的诊断基于已知糖尿病（即既往糖尿病病史或使用抗糖尿病药物）与基于血糖标准的未知糖尿病的综合判断。我们分别对城市和农村人口进行逻辑回归分析，以研究生活方式和临床因素与糖尿病患病率之间的关联。
与农村人口相比，印度尼西亚城市人口身体活动较少，水果和蔬菜摄入量充足的比例较低，肥胖个体比例较高。尽管两个人群的糖尿病总患病率无差异（城市和农村分别为10.9%和11.0%），但已知糖尿病的患病率城市是农村的两倍（3.8%对1.9%）。身体活动与较低的糖尿病风险相关，尤其是在城市人口中[患病率比值比（95%置信区间）：城市为0.91（0.85；0.98），农村为0.94（0.89；1.00）]。肥胖、高血压和血脂异常是两个人群糖尿病患病率的危险因素。
与城市人口相比，印度尼西亚农村人口的生活方式和临床特征相对较好。然而，在危险因素与糖尿病的关系方面，两个人群之间未观察到差异。印度尼西亚未诊断和未治疗糖尿病的高患病率需要特别关注。
