Rozman Marija, Korać Petra, Jambrosic Karlo, Židovec Lepej Snjezana
Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
Pathogens. 2022 Jul 30;11(8):864. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11080864.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered in 1964 in the cell line of Burkitt lymphoma and became first known human oncogenic virus. EBV belongs to the family, and is present worldwide as it infects 95% of people. Infection with EBV usually happens during childhood when it remains asymptomatic; however, in adults, it can cause an acute infection known as infectious mononucleosis. In addition, EBV can cause wide range of tumors with origins in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells. Its oncogenicity and wide distribution indicated the need for vaccine development. Research on mice and cultured cells as well as human clinical trials have been in progress for a few decades for both prophylactic and therapeutic EBV vaccines. The main targets of the vaccines are EBV envelope glycoproteins such as gp350 and EBV latent genes. The long wait for the EBV vaccine is due to the complexity of the EBV replication cycle and the wide range of its host cells. Although some strategies such as the use of dendritic cells and recombinant Vaccinia viral vectors have shown success, ongoing clinical trials using mRNA-based vaccines as well as new delivery systems as nanoparticles are yet to show the best choice of vaccine target and its production strategy.
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）于1964年在伯基特淋巴瘤的细胞系中被发现，成为首个为人所知的人类致癌病毒。EBV属于疱疹病毒科，因其感染95%的人群而在全球范围内存在。EBV感染通常发生在儿童期，此时感染往往无症状；然而，在成人中，它可引发一种名为传染性单核细胞增多症的急性感染。此外，EBV可引发起源于B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞和NK细胞的多种肿瘤。其致癌性和广泛分布表明需要研发疫苗。针对预防性和治疗性EBV疫苗，在小鼠、培养细胞以及人体临床试验方面的研究已经进行了几十年。疫苗的主要靶点是EBV包膜糖蛋白，如gp350以及EBV潜伏基因。EBV疫苗研制时间漫长，原因在于EBV复制周期的复杂性及其宿主细胞的多样性。尽管一些策略，如使用树突状细胞和重组痘苗病毒载体已显示出成效，但目前使用基于mRNA的疫苗以及纳米颗粒等新递送系统的临床试验尚未确定最佳的疫苗靶点及其生产策略。
