Li Juan, Song Rui, Yuan Zheng, Xu Zheng, Suo Luodan, Wang Qing, Li Yuan, Gao Yanlin, Li Xiaomei, Chen Xiaoyou, Wu Jiang
Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100013, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jul 29;10(8):1215. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081215.
This real-world study explores the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated vaccines on the prevention of asymptomatic or mild Delta or Omicron variant infections progressing to pneumonia. Association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia cases and vaccination was measured with a multivariable logistic regression, stratified by genotype and age groups. We recruited 265 cases (111 (41.9%) infected with Delta and 154 (58.1%) with Omicron variants). There were 22 asymptomatic infected individuals, 156 mild cases without pneumonia, and 87 moderate cases with pneumonia. There was a markedly increased risk of progression to pneumonia in Delta infected cases, unvaccinated, or partially vaccinated COVID-19 patients with diabetes and those aged ≥60 years. Patients who had completed booster doses of inactivated vaccines had a reduced risk of 81.6% (95% CI: 55.6−92.4%) in progressing to pneumonia over those who were unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. The risk of progressing to pneumonia was less reduced by 88.7% (95% CI: 56.6−97%) and 73.9% (95% CI: 1.4−93.1%) among Delta and Omicron-infected patients, and was reduced by 78.5% (95% CI: 45.3−91.6%) and 94.1% (95% CI: 21.5−99.6%) among patients aged <60 and ≥60 years, respectively. Our data indicated that a complete vaccination with a booster reduced the risk of asymptomatic or mild Delta or Omicron variant COVID-19 progressing to pneumonia and, thus, reduced the pressure of severe illness on medical resources.
这项真实世界研究探讨了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）灭活疫苗对预防无症状或轻症的德尔塔或奥密克戎变异株感染进展为肺炎的效果。采用多变量逻辑回归分析严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）肺炎病例与疫苗接种之间的关联，并按基因型和年龄组进行分层。我们招募了265例病例（111例（41.9%）感染德尔塔变异株，154例（58.1%）感染奥密克戎变异株）。其中有22例无症状感染者、156例无肺炎的轻症病例和87例有肺炎的中症病例。在感染德尔塔变异株的病例、未接种或部分接种COVID-19疫苗的糖尿病患者以及60岁及以上的患者中，进展为肺炎的风险显著增加。完成灭活疫苗加强针接种的患者相较于未接种或部分接种的患者，进展为肺炎的风险降低了81.6%（95%置信区间：55.6−92.4%）。在感染德尔塔和奥密克戎变异株的患者中，进展为肺炎的风险分别降低了88.7%（95%置信区间：56.6−97%）和73.9%（95%置信区间：1.4−93.1%）；在年龄小于60岁和60岁及以上的患者中，进展为肺炎的风险分别降低了78.5%（95%置信区间：45.3−91.6%）和94.1%（95%置信区间：21.5−99.6%）。我们的数据表明，完整接种并加强疫苗可降低无症状或轻症的德尔塔或奥密克戎变异株COVID-19进展为肺炎的风险，从而减轻医疗资源面临的重症压力。
