Verma Pankaj Kumar, Verma Shikha, Pandey Nalini
Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
Present Address: French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel.
3 Biotech. 2022 Sep;12(9):239. doi: 10.1007/s13205-022-03299-9. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
To feed the continuously expanding world's population, new crop varieties have been generated, which significantly contribute to the world's food security. However, the growth of these improved plant varieties relies primarily on synthetic fertilizers, which negatively affect the environment and human health; therefore, continuous improvement is needed for sustainable agriculture. Several plants, including cereal crops, have the adaptive capability to combat adverse environmental changes by altering physiological and molecular mechanisms and modifying their root system to improve nutrient uptake efficiency. These plants operate distinct pathways at various developmental stages to optimally establish their root system. These processes include changes in the expression profile of genes, changes in phytohormone level, and microbiome-induced root system architecture (RSA) modification. Several studies have been performed to understand microbial colonization and their involvement in RSA improvement through changes in phytohormone and transcriptomic levels. This review highlights the impact of genes, phytohormones, and particularly root microbiota in influencing RSA and provides new insights resulting from recent studies on rice root as a model system and summarizes the current knowledge about biochemical and central molecular mechanisms.
为了养活持续增长的世界人口，人们培育出了新的作物品种，这对世界粮食安全做出了重大贡献。然而，这些改良植物品种的生长主要依赖合成肥料，这对环境和人类健康产生负面影响；因此，可持续农业需要不断改进。包括谷类作物在内的几种植物具有通过改变生理和分子机制以及改造根系来提高养分吸收效率，从而应对不利环境变化的适应能力。这些植物在不同发育阶段通过不同途径来优化根系的建立。这些过程包括基因表达谱的变化、植物激素水平的变化以及微生物群诱导的根系结构（RSA）改变。已经开展了多项研究来了解微生物定殖及其通过植物激素和转录组水平的变化对根系结构改善的影响。本综述强调了基因、植物激素，特别是根微生物群对根系结构的影响，并提供了以水稻根系为模型系统的最新研究产生的新见解，总结了关于生化和核心分子机制的现有知识。
