Marti-Jerez Karen, Català-Forner Mar, Tomàs Núria, Murillo Gemma, Ortiz Carlos, Sánchez-Torres María José, Vitali Andrea, Lopes Marta S
Sustainable Field Crops, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Amposta, Spain.
Ministry of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agenda, Lleida, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Oct 4;14:1230012. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1230012. eCollection 2023.
Rice heavily relies on nitrogen fertilizers, posing environmental, resource, and geopolitical challenges. This study explores sustainable alternatives like animal manure and remote sensing for resource-efficient rice cultivation. It aims to assess the long-term impact of organic fertilization and remote sensing monitoring on agronomic traits, yield, and nutrition.
A six-year experiment in rice fields evaluated fertilization strategies, including pig slurry (PS) and chicken manure (CM) with mineral fertilizers (MIN), MIN-only, and zero-fertilization. Traits, yield, spectral responses, and nutrient content were measured. Sentinel-2 remote sensing tracked crop development.
Cost-effective organic fertilizers (PS and CM) caused a 13% and 15% yield reduction but still doubled zero-fertilization yield. PS reduced nitrogen leaching. Heavy metals in rice grains were present at safe amounts. Organic-fertilized crops showed nitrogen deficiency at the late vegetative stages, affecting yield. Sentinel-2 detected nutrient deficiencies through NDVI.
Organic fertilizers, especially PS, reduce nitrogen loss, benefiting the environment. However, they come with yield trade-offs and nutrient management challenges that can be managed and balanced with reduced additional mineral applications. Sentinel-2 remote sensing helps manage nutrient deficiencies. In summary, this research favors cost-effective organic fertilizers with improved nutrient management for sustainable rice production.
水稻严重依赖氮肥，这带来了环境、资源和地缘政治方面的挑战。本研究探索了动物粪便和遥感等可持续替代方案，以实现资源高效的水稻种植。其目的是评估有机施肥和遥感监测对农艺性状、产量和营养的长期影响。
在稻田进行了为期六年的试验，评估了施肥策略，包括猪粪（PS）和鸡粪（CM）与矿物肥料（MIN）配合、仅使用MIN以及不施肥。测量了性状、产量、光谱响应和养分含量。哨兵2号遥感跟踪作物生长情况。
具有成本效益的有机肥料（PS和CM）使产量降低了13%和15%，但仍使不施肥产量增加了一倍。PS减少了氮素淋失。水稻籽粒中的重金属含量处于安全水平。有机施肥的作物在营养生长后期出现氮素缺乏，影响了产量。哨兵2号通过归一化植被指数（NDVI）检测到了养分缺乏情况。
有机肥料，尤其是PS，减少了氮素损失，对环境有益。然而，它们伴随着产量权衡和养分管理挑战，这些可以通过减少额外的矿物肥料施用来进行管理和平衡。哨兵2号遥感有助于管理养分缺乏问题。总之，本研究支持采用具有成本效益的有机肥料并改善养分管理，以实现水稻的可持续生产。
