Department of Cardiology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Centre for Mental Health, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 16;2022:2009894. doi: 10.1155/2022/2009894. eCollection 2022.
PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure) is a simple visual tool that has been successfully used as a visual metaphor in medicine. In this pilot study, PRISM was used for the first time to test its potential to support self-reflection and expectations of learning in dental students.
Dental student volunteers (25 3 year, 10 4 year, and 10 5 year) participated. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, PRISM interviews were compared with a numerical scale in assessing learning objectives concerning theoretical knowledge, practical skills, interest, and training need in the field of conservative dentistry.
Overall, 71% of total student group stated that they would draw personal consequences for their studies due to participating in the PRISM interviews. Compared to the numeric scales, PRISM was rated as more helpful regarding appraisal of students' theoretical knowledge ( = 0.02), practical skills ( < 0.01), training needs ( < 0.01), importance of dental subspecialties ( < 0.01), and facilitating self-reflection ( = 0.02). In focus groups, students commented that PRISM fostered the development of a trusting relationship with their teacher. Strengths of PRISM mentioned by the students included being able to observe and manipulate a visual summary of their individual learning needs and seeing their different learning needs in relation to one another.
In this pilot study, dental students evaluated PRISM to be superior against numeric scales. Furthermore, it ameliorated the communication with teachers. The PRISM task is both simple and brief and warrants further exploration as a useful tool for self-reflection in dental education.
PRISM（疾病和自我评估的图像表示）是一种简单的视觉工具，已成功地作为医学中的视觉隐喻使用。在这项初步研究中，首次使用 PRISM 来检验其支持牙科学生自我反思和学习期望的潜力。
有 25 名三年级、10 名四年级和 10 名五年级的牙科学生志愿者参与了这项研究。研究采用定量和定性方法，通过 PRISM 访谈和数字量表评估理论知识、实践技能、兴趣和保守牙科领域培训需求方面的学习目标。
总体而言，71%的学生表示，由于参与了 PRISM 访谈，他们会根据访谈结果对自己的学习产生个人影响。与数字量表相比，PRISM 被认为在评估学生的理论知识（ = 0.02）、实践技能（ < 0.01）、培训需求（ < 0.01）、牙科亚专业的重要性（ < 0.01）和促进自我反思（ = 0.02）方面更有帮助。在焦点小组中，学生们评论说 PRISM 促进了他们与教师之间信任关系的发展。学生们提到 PRISM 的优势包括能够观察和操作自己个人学习需求的视觉总结，并能够看到彼此不同的学习需求。
在这项初步研究中，牙科学生认为 PRISM 优于数字量表。此外，它改善了与教师的沟通。PRISM 任务简单且简短，值得进一步探索，作为牙科教育中自我反思的有用工具。
