Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Nov 15;317:123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.049. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
Questionnaires for the screening of paternal perinatal psychological distress are based on clinical manifestations expressed by women, showing limitations in capturing the wide array of signs and symptoms exhibited by men. The current study aimed to validate the Perinatal Assessment of Paternal Affectivity, a new self-report tool for the screening of paternal depressive and affective disorder.
This study used a cross-sectional design with a 3-month test-retest, involving respectively 385 (T1) and a sub-sample of 111(T2) fathers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test structural validity and concurrent validity was assessed by Spearman correlations. We assessed reliability using McDonald's ω and ordinal alpha. Group differences in PAPA scores based on sociodemographic were also tested.
The CFA reported a one factor structure as the optimal solution. The PAPA also showed adequate reliability and internal consistency as well as acceptable test-retest indices. Concurrent validity was confirmed by significant correlations between PAPA total score and standardized test scores. Non-Italian fathers and fathers who experienced recent stressful life events reported higher PAPA scores.
Our sample was not homogeneous in terms of nationality and most of the participants, were from Northern Italy. Some risk factors associated with paternal parental psychological distress (e.g., unplanned pregnancy) have not been considered.
This study provides initial evidence of validity and reliability of the PAPA as a brief and sensitive screening tool to detect signs and symptoms of paternal affective disorder during both prenatal and postnatal period.
用于筛查准父亲围产期心理困扰的问卷是基于女性表现出的临床表现，这在捕捉男性表现出的广泛的体征和症状方面存在局限性。本研究旨在验证新的父亲情感评估问卷（PAPA），这是一种用于筛查父亲抑郁和情感障碍的新的自评工具。
本研究采用横断面设计，3 个月的测试-重测，分别涉及 385 名（T1）和 111 名亚样本（T2）父亲。采用验证性因子分析（CFA）检验结构效度，采用 Spearman 相关评估同时效度。采用 McDonald's ω 和有序 alpha 评估可靠性。还根据社会人口统计学数据测试了 PAPA 评分的组间差异。
CFA 报告了一个单因素结构作为最佳解决方案。PAPA 还表现出足够的可靠性和内部一致性以及可接受的测试-重测指数。同时效度通过 PAPA 总分与标准化测试得分之间的显著相关性得到证实。非意大利裔父亲和最近经历生活压力事件的父亲报告的 PAPA 评分较高。
我们的样本在国籍方面不是同质的，而且大多数参与者来自意大利北部。一些与准父亲心理困扰相关的风险因素（例如，意外怀孕）尚未被考虑在内。
本研究初步提供了 PAPA 的有效性和可靠性证据，作为一种简短而敏感的筛查工具，可用于在产前和产后期间检测父亲情感障碍的迹象和症状。
