Five Fulbright scholars' contributions to Japanese anesthesiology.

After the signing the Peace Treaty in 1951 and Japan's political independence, the Fulbright Scholarship Program has started sending Japanese to American universities and academic institutions for clinical training and research. During the 1950s, more than two hundred physicians received the scholarship. At the time, anesthesiology was still in its infancy in Japan. However, among them, five physicians chose anesthesiology as their specialty and completed American anesthesiology residency. The Fulbright Scholarship recipients' contributions to Japanese anesthesiology during their professional career had been notable and is the subject of this article.