Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Cancer & Thrombosis Section, Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), Spain.
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2022 Mar;35(1):101354. doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2022.101354. Epub 2022 Jun 20.
Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of cancer-associated VTE treatment, including vitamin K antagonists (VKA), unfractionated heparin (UFH), fondaparinux, low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The goals of anticoagulant therapy in cancer patients with cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) are to improve symptoms, reduce risk of recurrent VTE or fatal pulmonary embolism (PE), and decrease the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Although LMWH have been the standard of care for a long time for VTE treatment in cancer patients, showing superiority over the classic VKA, in the recent years the landscape of anticoagulant therapy has significantly changed with the inclusion of DOACs in this population.
抗凝是癌症相关静脉血栓栓塞症 (VTE) 治疗的基石，包括维生素 K 拮抗剂 (VKA)、未分级肝素 (UFH)、磺达肝癸钠、低分子肝素 (LMWH) 和直接口服抗凝剂 (DOAC)。癌症合并血栓形成 (CAT) 的癌症患者抗凝治疗的目标是改善症状，降低复发性 VTE 或致命性肺栓塞 (PE) 的风险，并降低血栓后综合征 (PTS) 和慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的风险。虽然 LMWH 长期以来一直是癌症患者 VTE 治疗的标准治疗方法，优于经典的 VKA，但近年来，随着 DOAC 被纳入这一人群，抗凝治疗的格局发生了显著变化。
