Alam Md Dhedharul, Abedin Md Joynal, Islam Asraful, Mosfeq-Ul-Hasan Md, Rahman Obaydur, Xu Yi
Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 12;13:916160. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.916160. eCollection 2022.
The global effort to develop herd immunity in the general public against the COVID-19 pandemic is currently ongoing. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on how the COVID-19 vaccine affects mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The present study investigated the psychological effects and associated factors among vaccinated and unvaccinated general populations against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh.
A nationwide online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Bangladesh from June 23 to December 25, 2021. The frequency of symptoms of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insomnia, and fear was assessed using the Bangla versions of the GHQ-12, PHQ-2, GAD-2, PSS-4, PC-PTSD-5, ISI, and FCV-19S scales, respectively.
The study included 3,013 persons from all eight divisions of Bangladesh, with 1,272 (42.2%) being vaccinated and 1,741 (57.8%) being unvaccinated. Compared with unvaccinated populations, vaccinated populations had significantly lower prevalence rates of psychological distress (36.4 vs. 51.5%), depression (21.1 vs. 37.9%), anxiety (25.1 vs. 44.9%), stress (19.4 vs. 30.4%), PTSD (29.4 vs. 38.3%), insomnia (18.7 vs. 39.4%), and fear symptoms (16.1 vs. 27.5%). Among vaccinated populations, respondents who lived in nuclear families were significantly associated with higher risk of psychological distress (AOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78), depression (AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-1.98), anxiety (AOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21-1.98), and fear (AOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.11-1.83) symptoms. Participants who lost family members, friends, or colleagues due to the COVID-19 pandemic had significantly higher risk of symptoms of psychological distress (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02-1.79), anxiety (AOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.87), and PTSD (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.24-2.19). On the other hand, unvaccinated populations who lived in the Dhaka division were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.40-2.52), anxiety (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.15-2.47), stress (AOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.12-2.88), and insomnia (AOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.20-2.94) symptoms. Except for PTSD and fear symptoms, unemployed participants had considerably higher rates of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms (e.g., psychological distress: AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.10-2.62; depression: AOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.37-2.19).
This study recommends immunizing unvaccinated populations as soon as possible to prevent infection and boost mental health. Vulnerable people needed special care, health-related education, and psychological assistance.
目前全球正在努力在普通民众中建立针对新冠疫情的群体免疫。然而，据我们所知，在孟加拉国新冠疫情背景下，尚无关于新冠疫苗如何影响心理健康的研究。本研究调查了孟加拉国接种和未接种新冠疫苗的普通人群中的心理影响及相关因素。
2021年6月23日至12月25日在孟加拉国进行了一项全国性在线横断面调查。分别使用孟加拉语版的GHQ-12、PHQ-2、GAD-2、PSS-4、PC-PTSD-5、ISI和FCV-19S量表评估心理困扰、抑郁、焦虑、压力、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、失眠和恐惧症状的发生频率。
该研究纳入了来自孟加拉国所有八个行政区的3013人，其中1272人（42.2%）接种了疫苗，1741人（57.8%）未接种疫苗。与未接种疫苗的人群相比，接种疫苗的人群中心理困扰（36.4%对51.5%）、抑郁（21.1%对37.9%）、焦虑（25.1%对44.9%）、压力（19.4%对30.4%）、PTSD（29.4%对38.3%）、失眠（18.7%对39.4%）和恐惧症状（16.1%对27.5%）的患病率显著较低。在接种疫苗的人群中，生活在核心家庭的受访者出现心理困扰（优势比[AOR]，1.38；95%置信区间[CI]，1.09 - 1.78）、抑郁（AOR，1.49；95% CI，1.11 - 1.98）、焦虑（AOR，1.77；95% CI，1.21 - 1.98）和恐惧（AOR，1.43；95% CI，1.11 - 1.83）症状的风险显著更高。因新冠疫情失去家庭成员、朋友或同事的参与者出现心理困扰（AOR，1.35；95% CI，1.02 - 1.79）、焦虑（AOR，1.41；95% CI，1.11 - 1.87）和PTSD（AOR，1.76；95% CI，1.24 - 2.19）症状的风险显著更高。另一方面，生活在达卡行政区的未接种疫苗人群出现抑郁（AOR，2.06；95% CI，1.40 - 2.52）、焦虑（AOR，1.86；95% CI，1.15 - 2.47）、压力（AOR，1.92；95% CI，1.12 - 2.88）和失眠（AOR，1.88；95% CI，1.20 - 2.94）症状的风险显著增加。除PTSD和恐惧症状外，失业参与者出现心理困扰、抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠症状的发生率相当高（例如，心理困扰：AOR，1.83；95% CI，1.10 - 2.62；抑郁：AOR，1.74；95% CI，1.37 - 2.19）。
本研究建议尽快为未接种疫苗的人群接种疫苗，以预防感染并促进心理健康。弱势群体需要特殊护理、健康相关教育和心理援助。
