Santos-Lima Bruno, Pietronigro Enrica Caterina, Terrabuio Eleonora, Zenaro Elena, Constantin Gabriela
Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Aug 11;14:965169. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.965169. eCollection 2022.
Leukocyte migration into the central nervous system (CNS) represents a central process in the development of neurological diseases with a detrimental inflammatory component. Infiltrating neutrophils have been detected inside the brain of patients with several neuroinflammatory disorders, including stroke, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. During inflammatory responses, these highly reactive innate immune cells can rapidly extravasate and release a plethora of pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic factors, potentially inducing significant collateral tissue damage. Indeed, several studies have shown that neutrophils promote blood-brain barrier damage and increased vascular permeability during neuroinflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that neutrophils migrate into the meninges and choroid plexus, suggesting these cells can also damage the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophils in the dysfunction of brain barriers across different neuroinflammatory conditions and describe the molecular basis and cellular interplays involved in neutrophil-mediated injury of the CNS borders.
白细胞迁移至中枢神经系统（CNS）是具有有害炎症成分的神经疾病发展过程中的核心环节。在包括中风、多发性硬化症和阿尔茨海默病在内的多种神经炎症性疾病患者的大脑中，已检测到浸润的中性粒细胞。在炎症反应期间，这些高反应性的固有免疫细胞能够迅速渗出并释放大量促炎和细胞毒性因子，可能导致显著的附带组织损伤。事实上，多项研究表明，在神经炎症性疾病中，中性粒细胞会促进血脑屏障损伤并增加血管通透性。最近的研究表明，中性粒细胞会迁移至脑膜和脉络丛，这表明这些细胞也会破坏血脑脊液屏障（BCSFB）。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中性粒细胞在不同神经炎症条件下脑屏障功能障碍中所起的新作用，并描述了中性粒细胞介导的中枢神经系统边界损伤所涉及的分子基础和细胞相互作用。
