Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Activation and Hydrogenation to Methanol using Transition Metal Carbides.

The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO ) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal-based catalytic CO transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re-balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal-like reactivity, ceramic-like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO adsorption and its conversion into value-added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO hydrogenation reactions.