J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;36(4):366-373. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000741.
Sodium restriction is the primary nonpharmacological treatment in heart failure (HF) to prevent rehospitalization and reduce HF symptom burden. Despite the importance of restricting sodium in the diet, the prevalence of nonadherence to a low-sodium diet has been known to be high. To reduce the high prevalence of nonadherence, we have to know the facilitating and challenging factors. The planned behavior theory shows those factors, including attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control. The Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) was developed based on the planned behavior theory. However, in Turkey, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a psychometric testing of the Turkish version of the DSRQ among patients with HF.
Data were collected from 300 patients who were recommended a sodium-restricted diet because of a diagnosis of HF. Validity was tested using content validity index, Kendall W, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was tested using item-total and interitem correlations, Cronbach's α coefficient of reliability, independent-sample t test, and test-retest analysis.
The exploratory factor analysis revealed that 3 factors accounted for 78.2% of the explained variance. The factor loads ranged between 0.67 and 0.96. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed goodness-of-fit indices greater than 0.90, with a root-mean-square error of approximation less than 0.10 and a root-mean-square residual of 0.05. The Cronbach's α coefficient for DSRQ was 0.92 and for each subscale was as follows: attitude and subjective norm, 0.97; perceived external behavior control, 0.89; and perceived internal behavior control, 0.83.
The DSRQ is a valid and reliable instrument in assessing the attitudes, beliefs, and perceived behavioral control related to following a low-sodium diet of patients with HF in the Turkish population.
钠限制是心力衰竭（HF）的主要非药物治疗方法，可预防再住院和减轻 HF 症状负担。尽管饮食中限制钠的重要性，但众所周知，低钠饮食的不依从率很高。为了降低不依从率，我们必须了解促进和挑战因素。计划行为理论显示了包括态度、社会规范和感知行为控制在内的这些因素。基于计划行为理论开发了膳食钠限制问卷（DSRQ）。然而，在土耳其，尚未研究该工具的心理测量特性。因此，本研究的目的是对 HF 患者进行 DSRQ 的土耳其语版本的心理测量测试。
从因 HF 诊断而被建议低盐饮食的 300 名患者中收集数据。使用内容效度指数、Kendall W、探索性和验证性因子分析来测试有效性。使用项目总分和项目间相关性、克朗巴赫 α可靠性系数、独立样本 t 检验和重测分析来测试可靠性。
探索性因子分析显示，3 个因子解释了 78.2%的方差。因子负荷在 0.67 到 0.96 之间。验证性因子分析的结果表明，拟合优度指数大于 0.90，均方根误差逼近值小于 0.10，均方根残差为 0.05。DSRQ 的克朗巴赫 α 系数为 0.92，各分量表的系数如下：态度和主观规范，0.97；感知外部行为控制，0.89；感知内部行为控制，0.83。
DSRQ 是一种在土耳其人群中评估 HF 患者遵循低钠饮食的态度、信念和感知行为控制的有效且可靠的工具。
