Sullivan Joseph P, Wisk Joseph D
Ardea Consulting, Minford, Ohio, USA.
BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Mar;19(2):461-473. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4677. Epub 2022 Sep 26.
In the United States, the use of pesticide-coated seeds in agriculture is a widely adopted practice. Consumption of treated crop seeds is a possible route of exposure of birds to pesticides. A combination of agronomic and bird life history information is used to identify those species most likely to consume freshly planted corn seeds. Species listed as threatened or endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service that could consume treated seeds are also identified. Corn-growing counties in the continental United States were compiled for the years 2017-2020. Seven hundred and eight bird species occur in corn-growing counties. Feeding habits and habitats of North American bird species that occur in corn-growing counties indicate that 107 species could feed on the ground in or adjacent to freshly planted corn fields and consume seeds. Of these, 21 species show a high tendency to feed in or around freshly planted corn fields and could consume a large quantity of corn seeds. Of the 107 species with the potential to consume freshly planted corn, only two full species (as opposed to subspecies), the Gunnison sage-grouse and whooping crane, are listed as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Additionally, two subspecies, Mississippi sandhill crane and masked bobwhite, are listed as endangered. The streaked horned lark is listed as threatened. Of the 21 species, including subspecies, that have the greatest potential to consume a freshly planted treated corn seed, the Mississippi sandhill crane is the only listed species considered to have a high potential to consume treated corn seeds. Therefore, the potential exposure of federally listed threatened or endangered bird species to pesticides through the direct consumption of pesticide-treated corn seeds is low, with the possible exception of the Mississippi sandhill crane. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:461-473. © 2022 SETAC.
在美国，农业中使用农药包衣种子是一种广泛采用的做法。食用经过处理的作物种子是鸟类接触农药的一种可能途径。结合农艺学和鸟类生活史信息来确定最有可能食用新种植玉米种子的物种。还确定了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局列为受威胁或濒危且可能食用经过处理种子的物种。整理了美国本土2017 - 2020年种植玉米的县。在种植玉米的县有708种鸟类。在种植玉米的县出现的北美鸟类的食性和栖息地表明，有107种鸟类可能在新种植的玉米田或其附近地面觅食并食用种子。其中，有21种鸟类表现出在新种植的玉米田或其周围觅食的强烈倾向，并且可能会食用大量玉米种子。在有潜力食用新种植玉米的107种鸟类中，根据美国《濒危物种法》，只有两个完整物种（而非亚种），即甘尼森艾草松鸡和美洲鹤，被列为受威胁或濒危物种。此外，密西西比沙丘鹤和蒙面博比特鹌鹑这两个亚种被列为濒危物种。细纹角百灵被列为受威胁物种。在有最大潜力食用新种植的经过处理玉米种子的21种鸟类（包括亚种）中，密西西比沙丘鹤是唯一被认为有很高潜力食用经过处理玉米种子的列入名单的物种。因此，联邦政府列出的受威胁或濒危鸟类物种通过直接食用农药处理过的玉米种子而接触农药的可能性较低，密西西比沙丘鹤可能是个例外。《综合环境评估与管理》2023年；19:461 - 473。© 2022 SETAC。
