Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
YTL Developments Limited, Concorde House, 18 Concorde Road, Bristol, BS34 5TB, United Kingdom.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Nov 15;322:116049. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116049. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
Filton Airfield in the UK is a new community under development aiming to become self-sufficient in its water supply toward a circular economy. Urban water management strategies, water demand minimization, urban resource reuse, and wastewater discharge minimization, can improve the urban circular economy. Understanding the practical impacts of those strategies is crucial for a new development area like Filton. As a site investigation, the physiochemical and microbial characteristics of raw rainwater showed acceptable for irrigation and drinking water, indicating no significant risk of using rainwater collected within Filton, but still requiring a treatment process depending on chosen applications. This study further conducted stochastic water demand profiles and urban water cycle simulations at a block scale, taking possible rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater recycling (GWR) options for non-potable purposes to quantitatively assess the impact of urban water management strategies on urban harvesting potential indicators (0-100%). When the RWH was implemented, the water demand minimization potential varied from 62% to 71%. Meanwhile, the combined use of RWH and GWR yielded even better results in terms of water demand minimization, peaking at 78% due to the additional supply from GWR. The combination also reduced wastewater production potential from 100% to 54% and consequently improves self-sustainability potential from 0 with no recycling, to 44% with only GWR, and to 100% with the combined use of RWH and GWR. The sensitivity analysis revealed that wastewater discharge is the most sensitive to variations in rainfall patterns (wet and dry conditions) and urban density (water demand patterns), indicating that both need to be balanced for better implementation of urban water harvesting strategies. This study can provide insights into the applicability of urban water resource harvesting and its assessment approaches in existing and new development areas.
英国菲尔顿机场是一个正在开发中的新社区，旨在实现其供水的自给自足，以实现循环经济。城市水务管理策略、最小化用水需求、城市资源再利用和最小化污水排放，可以提高城市的循环经济水平。了解这些策略的实际影响对于像菲尔顿这样的新开发区至关重要。作为一项现场调查，原雨水的理化和微生物特性表明可用于灌溉和饮用水，这表明菲尔顿内收集的雨水没有明显的使用风险，但仍需要根据所选应用进行处理。本研究进一步在街区尺度上进行了随机需水曲线和城市水循环模拟，考虑了可能的雨水收集（RWH）和灰水再利用（GWR）选项用于非饮用水用途，以定量评估城市水务管理策略对城市集水潜力指标（0-100%）的影响。当实施 RWH 时，最小化用水需求的潜力从 62%到 71%不等。同时，RWH 和 GWR 的联合使用在最小化用水需求方面产生了更好的结果，由于 GWR 的额外供应，峰值达到 78%。这种组合还将废水产生潜力从 100%减少到 54%，从而提高了自我可持续性潜力，从没有回收的 0 提高到仅 GWR 的 44%，再提高到 RWH 和 GWR 联合使用的 100%。敏感性分析表明，废水排放对降雨模式（干湿条件）和城市密度（需水模式）的变化最为敏感，这表明需要平衡两者，以更好地实施城市水资源集水策略。本研究可为现有和新开发区的城市水资源集水及其评估方法的适用性提供参考。
