Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
Biomater Adv. 2022 Sep;140:213089. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213089. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
Spider silk has fascinated mankind for millennia, but it is only in recent decades that scientific research has begun to unravel all its characteristics and applications. The uniqueness of spider silk resides in its versatility, in which a combination of high strength and extensibility results in extraordinary toughness, superior to almost all natural and man-made fibers. Dragline silk consists of proteins with highly repetitive amino acid sequences, which have been correlated with specific secondary structures responsible for its physical properties. The native fiber also shows high cytocompatibility coupled with low immunogenicity, making it a promising natural biomaterial for numerous biomedical applications. Recently, novel technologies have enabled new insights into the material and biomedical properties of silk. Due to the increasing interest in spider silk, as well as the desire to produce synthetic alternatives, we present an update on the current knowledge of silk fibers produced by the spider genus Trichonephila.
蜘蛛丝令人类着迷已有数千年，但直到近几十年来，科学研究才开始揭示其所有特性和应用。蜘蛛丝的独特之处在于其多功能性，高强度和高弹性的结合使其具有非凡的韧性，优于几乎所有天然和人造纤维。牵引丝由具有高度重复的氨基酸序列的蛋白质组成，这些序列与负责其物理性质的特定二级结构相关联。天然纤维还表现出高细胞相容性和低免疫原性，使其成为许多生物医学应用中很有前途的天然生物材料。最近，新技术使人们对丝纤维的材料和生物医学特性有了新的认识。由于人们对蜘蛛丝越来越感兴趣，并且渴望生产合成替代品，我们将更新关于蜘蛛属 Trichonephila 产生的丝纤维的最新知识。
