Magna Graecia University, Movement Disorders Center, Neurology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy.
Magna Graecia University, Movement Disorders Center, Neurology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;164:101-128. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.010. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Sex and gender-based differences in epidemiology, clinical features and therapeutical responses are emerging in several movement disorders, even though they are still not widely recognized. In this chapter, we summarize the most relevant evidence concerning these differences in Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia and chorea. Indeed, both sex-related biological (hormonal levels fluctuations) and gender-related variables (socio-cultural and environmental factors) may differently impact symptoms manifestation and severity, phenotype and disease progression of movement disorders on men and women. Moreover, sex differences in treatment responses should be taken into account in any therapeutical planning. Physicians need to be aware of these major differences between men and women that will eventually have a major impact on better tailoring prevention, treatment, or even delaying progression of the most common movement disorders.
在一些运动障碍中，性别和基于性别的差异在流行病学、临床特征和治疗反应方面逐渐显现，尽管这些差异尚未得到广泛认可。在本章中，我们总结了与帕金森病、特发性震颤、肌张力障碍和舞蹈病中这些差异相关的最相关证据。事实上，性别相关的生物学因素（激素水平波动）和性别相关的变量（社会文化和环境因素）可能会以不同的方式影响男性和女性运动障碍的症状表现和严重程度、表型和疾病进展。此外，在任何治疗计划中都应考虑治疗反应的性别差异。医生需要意识到男性和女性之间的这些主要差异，这最终将对常见运动障碍的预防、治疗甚至延缓进展产生重大影响。
