Hick Rod, Pomati Marco, Stephens Mark
School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Soc Indic Res. 2022;164(3):1271-1295. doi: 10.1007/s11205-022-02987-6. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
Concerns about the quality of housing feature prominently in academic and policy discussion on housing, yet there is little agreement about how housing deprivation should be measured or monitored. In empirical studies, measures of housing deprivation are typically examined for one of two purposes-either to compare incidences of housing quality problems for different groups, which typically leads to an examination of performance of different measures of housing deprivation, or as dependent variables to examine competing theories about what explains cross-national variation in such problems, which typically ignores these measurement considerations. Our paper seeks to analyse measurement and theory jointly, focussing in particular on the EU's severe housing deprivation measure, and its subcomponents-overcrowding and housing conditions problems. In descriptive analysis, we show that the two components of the severe housing deprivation measure are weakly related and pattern differently across nations and that the aggregation rule of the main measure has a substantial influence on observed incidences of this problem. We subsequently construct multi-level regression-based models and demonstrate that the two components have quite different determinants. Our paper has implications for the measurement of severe housing deprivation in Europe, for theories that seek to account for differences in housing outcomes, and for policy that seeks to tackle housing deprivation problems.
在有关住房的学术和政策讨论中，对住房质量的担忧占据显著地位，但对于如何衡量或监测住房匮乏问题，却几乎没有达成共识。在实证研究中，住房匮乏的衡量标准通常出于以下两个目的之一进行考察：要么是为了比较不同群体住房质量问题的发生率，这通常会导致对不同住房匮乏衡量标准的表现进行考察；要么作为因变量，以检验关于跨国住房问题差异成因的相互竞争的理论，而这通常会忽略这些衡量标准的考量因素。我们的论文旨在联合分析衡量标准与理论，特别关注欧盟的严重住房匮乏衡量标准及其子组成部分——过度拥挤和住房条件问题。在描述性分析中，我们表明严重住房匮乏衡量标准的两个组成部分相关性较弱，且在不同国家呈现出不同的模式，并且主要衡量标准的汇总规则对该问题的观察发生率有重大影响。随后，我们构建了基于多层次回归的模型，并证明这两个组成部分具有截然不同的决定因素。我们的论文对欧洲严重住房匮乏的衡量、旨在解释住房结果差异的理论以及旨在解决住房匮乏问题的政策均具有启示意义。
