Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, via Belzoni 160, I-35121, Padua, Italy.
Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Brain Imaging Behav. 2022 Dec;16(6):2768-2784. doi: 10.1007/s11682-022-00713-x. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Genetic variations have been involved in the risk of this disorder, including those mediating brain function and neurodevelopment. Early neurodevelopment and neuroprogression processes could be reflected in brain gyrification patterns and help optimize the prediction and diagnosis of such disorders that is often delayed. Previous neuroimaging studies using this measure in patients with bipolar disorder revealed controversial results. This systematic review aimed to summarize available neuroimaging investigations on gyrification in BD compared to healthy controls (HC) and/or other psychiatric groups. Fourteen studies including 733 patients with BD, 585 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 90 with schizoaffective disorder (SZA), and 1380 healthy subjects were identified. Overall, a heterogeneous pattern of gyrification emerged between patients with BD and HC. Interestingly, increased gyrification or no differences were also observed in patients with BD compared to those with the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Furthermore, relatives of patients with BD showed lower or no differences in gyrification compared to healthy subjects without a family history of affective illness. Differences in the design and in methodological approaches could have contributed to the heterogeneity of the findings. The current review supports an altered brain gyrification pattern that underlies the pathophysiology of BD spanning large anatomical and functional neural networks, associated with altered cognitive functioning, difficulties in processing and affective regulation, and clinical symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to test different bipolar phenotypes and pharmacological effects on gyrification.
双相障碍（BD）是一种严重的精神疾病，具有很强的遗传成分。遗传变异与这种疾病的风险有关，包括调节大脑功能和神经发育的遗传变异。早期神经发育和神经进展过程可以反映在大脑回状突起模式中，并有助于优化这种经常延迟诊断的疾病的预测和诊断。以前使用这种措施的神经影像学研究在双相障碍患者中得出了相互矛盾的结果。本系统综述旨在总结双相障碍患者与健康对照组（HC）和/或其他精神科组相比的大脑回状突起的现有神经影像学研究。确定了 14 项研究，其中包括 733 名双相障碍患者、585 名精神分裂症患者（SCZ）、90 名分裂情感障碍患者（SZA）和 1380 名健康受试者。总体而言，双相障碍患者与 HC 之间的回状突起模式呈现出异质性。有趣的是，与精神分裂症谱系障碍患者相比，双相障碍患者的回状突起也增加或没有差异。此外，与没有情感障碍家族史的健康受试者相比，双相障碍患者的亲属在回状突起方面表现出较低或没有差异。设计和方法学方法的差异可能导致了研究结果的异质性。目前的综述支持一种改变的大脑回状突起模式，这种模式是双相障碍的病理生理学基础，涉及广泛的解剖和功能神经网络，与改变的认知功能、处理和情感调节困难以及临床症状有关。需要进行纵向研究来测试不同的双相障碍表型和药物对回状突起的影响。
