Garg Pranjal, Muthiah Saidharshini, Sengupta Sumedha
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Sri Muthukumaran Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biol Methods Protoc. 2022 Aug 16;7(1):bpac019. doi: 10.1093/biomethods/bpac019. eCollection 2022.
Deep brain stimulation involving the stereotactic implantation of electrodes in the deeper neural tissue remains one of the most trusted nonpharmacotherapeutic approaches for neuromodulation in the clinical setting. The recent advent of techniques that can modulate the neural structure and/or function at the cellular level has stimulated the exploration of these strategies in managing neurological and psychiatric disorders. Optogenetics, which is widely employed in experimental research, is the prototype of the above techniques. Other methods such as chemogenetics, sonogenetics, and magnetogenetics have also been introduced. Although these strategies possess several noticeable differences, they have an overlapping conceptual framework enabling their classification under a singular hypernym. This article introduces this hypernym, "stimulogenetics" in an attempt to solve the pertinent ambiguity to aid the classification of existing literature. The article also compares the strategies classified under stimulogenetics and concludes that the current literature suggests that nonsurgical approaches such as chemogenetics and sonogenetics are better suited for clinical applications. However, due to the dearth of clinical studies, it is not possible to determine this definitively.
涉及在更深层神经组织中进行立体定向电极植入的深部脑刺激仍然是临床环境中最受信赖的神经调节非药物治疗方法之一。最近能够在细胞水平调节神经结构和/或功能的技术的出现，激发了人们对这些策略在治疗神经和精神疾病方面的探索。光遗传学在实验研究中被广泛应用，是上述技术的原型。还引入了其他方法，如化学遗传学、声遗传学和磁遗传学。尽管这些策略存在一些显著差异，但它们有一个重叠的概念框架，使得它们可以在一个单一的上位词下进行分类。本文引入了这个上位词“刺激遗传学”，试图解决相关的模糊性，以帮助对现有文献进行分类。本文还比较了刺激遗传学分类下的策略，并得出结论，目前的文献表明，化学遗传学和声遗传学等非手术方法更适合临床应用。然而，由于临床研究的匮乏，无法明确确定这一点。
