Alt E
Z Kardiol. 1987 Apr;76(4):189-94.
More than 90% of all implanted pacemaker systems in Germany up to the present were unipolar. Stimulation and sensing therein, take place between the cathodal electrode tip and the anodal pacemaker. A relatively large chance of noise interference is allowed by the large distance between the two poles. The high sensitivity, at is needed for correct function, enables intra- and extracorporal noise signals to interfere. This disadvantage of unipolar systems is mainly avoided when using bipolar systems. Since both poles are situated close to each other within the heart, there is only a very small chance of notice interference. However, there are many arguments in favour of both systems. In recent years there has been a slight trend towards bipolar pacing. By reducing the well-known disadvantages of bipolar pacing, such as increased conductor resistivity, as inferior energy function, greater coil diameter and reduced handling, the beneficial effects of bipolar pacing--mostly the clear discrimination between physiological cardiac and extraneous signals--become more important. A new 3.2 mm universal connector (VS-1) might help to realize bipolar pacing more easily. In the future, a pacemaker system with unipolar pacing and simultaneously a bipolar sensing function, might help to increase safety in pacing.
截至目前，德国超过90%的植入式起搏器系统为单极型。其刺激和感知发生在阴极电极尖端与阳极起搏器之间。两极之间的距离较大，使得噪声干扰的可能性相对较高。正确功能所需的高灵敏度会使体内和体外噪声信号产生干扰。使用双极系统时，单极系统的这一缺点基本可以避免。由于两极在心脏内彼此靠近，所以噪声干扰的可能性非常小。然而，两种系统都有很多优点。近年来，有轻微的趋势倾向于双极起搏。通过减少双极起搏的一些众所周知的缺点，如导体电阻率增加、能量功能较差、线圈直径更大以及操作不便等，双极起搏的有益效果——主要是能清晰区分生理性心脏信号和外部信号——变得更加重要。一种新型的3.2毫米通用连接器（VS - 1）可能有助于更轻松地实现双极起搏。未来，一种具有单极起搏和同时具备双极感知功能的起搏器系统，可能有助于提高起搏的安全性。
