Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2022 Dec 5;11(11):525-532. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piac087.
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by over 20 species of obligate intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. Leishmaniasis has a global distribution, including in the United States, and can cause a spectrum of clinical syndromes, including cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral diseases depending on host factors and the infecting Leishmania spp. Accurate diagnosis, including Leishmania species identification, is an important step to guide the most appropriate therapeutic intervention. Antileishmanial therapy is dependent on the Leishmania spp. identified, the clinical syndrome, and the child's immune system. However, many treatment regimens for children have been extrapolated from adult clinical trials, which may lead to underdosing and subsequent poor outcomes in infected children. Additional research is urgently needed to help guide therapy for children and determine appropriate antileishmanial agents, doses, and treatment courses for children with leishmaniasis.
利什曼病是一种由 20 多种专性细胞内原生动物引起的虫媒病，这些原生动物属于利什曼属。利什曼病分布于全球，包括美国，可引起一系列临床综合征，包括皮肤、黏膜和内脏疾病，具体取决于宿主因素和感染的利什曼原虫种类。准确诊断，包括利什曼原虫种类鉴定，是指导最合适的治疗干预的重要步骤。抗利什曼原虫治疗取决于鉴定出的利什曼原虫种类、临床综合征和儿童的免疫系统。然而，许多儿童的治疗方案都是从成人临床试验中推断出来的，这可能导致感染儿童用药不足和随后的不良结果。迫切需要更多的研究来帮助指导儿童的治疗，并确定儿童利什曼病的合适抗利什曼原虫药物、剂量和治疗方案。
