Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Internal Medicine II, Keplerklinikum Linz, Linz, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023 Feb;135(3-4):89-96. doi: 10.1007/s00508-022-02074-3. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
A discrepancy between sex-specific treatment of kidney failure by dialysis (higher in men) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population (higher in women) has been reported internationally, but the prevalence by sex has not been described for Austria. Sex disparity among nephrology outpatients has not been studied.
We employed two formulae (2009 CKD-EPI suppressing the race factor, and race-free 2021 CKD-EPI) to estimate the sex distribution of CKD in Austrian primary care, based on creatinine measurements recorded in a medical sample of 39,800 patients from general practitioners' offices (1989-2008). Further, we collected information from all clinic appointments scheduled at nephrology departments of 6 Austrian hospitals (Wien, Linz, Wels, St. Pölten, Villach, Innsbruck) during 2019 and calculated visit frequencies by sex.
Using the 2009 CKD-EPI formula, the prevalence of CKD in stages G3-G5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m) was 16.4% among women and 8.5% among men aged > 18 years who had attended general practitioners' offices in Austria between 1989 and 2008 and had at least one creatinine measurement performed. Using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula, the respective CKD prevalence was 12.3% among women and 6.1% among men. In 2019, 45% of all outpatients at 6 participating nephrology departments were women. The median of nephrology clinic visits in 2019 was two (per year) for both sexes.
CKD is more prevalent among Austrian women than men. Men are more prevalent in nephrology outpatient services. Research into causes of this sex disparity is urgently needed.
国际上报道称，透析治疗肾衰竭的性别差异（男性更高）与普通人群慢性肾脏病的患病率（女性更高）之间存在差异，但尚未描述奥地利的性别差异。肾科门诊患者的性别差异尚未研究。
我们使用两种公式（2009 年 CKD-EPI 抑制种族因素和无种族限制的 2021 年 CKD-EPI），根据来自普通医生办公室的 39800 名患者的医学样本中的肌酐测量值（1989-2008 年），估计奥地利初级保健中 CKD 的性别分布。此外，我们从 6 家奥地利医院（维也纳、林茨、韦尔斯、圣波滕、克拉根福、因斯布鲁克）的肾内科预约的所有预约中收集信息，并按性别计算就诊频率。
使用 2009 年 CKD-EPI 公式，在 1989 年至 2008 年期间在奥地利看医生且至少进行过一次肌酐测量的年龄>18 岁的女性和男性中，CKD 3-G5 期（估计肾小球滤过率<60 mL/min/1.73 m）的患病率分别为 16.4%和 8.5%。使用 2021 年 CKD-EPI 公式，相应的 CKD 患病率分别为 12.3%和 6.1%。2019 年，6 家参与的肾科门诊中有 45%的患者为女性。2019 年，男女每年的肾科门诊就诊中位数均为两次。
奥地利女性的 CKD 患病率高于男性。男性在肾科门诊服务中更为常见。迫切需要研究这种性别差异的原因。
